BODLER (Baudelaire) Charles (1821-67), the French poet. The participant of Revolution 1848. The precursor of the French symbolism. In the collection " Flowers of evil " (1857) anarchist rebelliousness, melancholy on harmony combine with confession neodolimosti evil, estetizatsiej faults of a conurbation. Artistic - critical transactionses (t. n. Reports on interiors, 1845 and 1846; the collection " Romantic art ", the issuing 1868).

BODMER (Bodmer) Iogann JAkob (1698-1783), the Swiss critic and the poet of Enlightenment. Overcoming educational rationalism, returned owing to feeling and fancy in art. Studied the German epos, national poetry.

The BOTTOMRY (from goll. bodemerij), in a civic right - the loan for consumption on the security of a vessel and freight.

BODNARSKY Bogdan Stepanovich (1874-1968), Russian knigoved, the bibliographer, the doctor of pedagogical sciences, the professor. In 1920-29 chairman of Russian bibliographic society at Moskovsk univesitete. The main transactionses " the Bibliography of the Russian bibliography " (t. 1-4, 1918-30). The editor of the log-book " Bibliographic informations " (1913-29).

BODO the APPARATUS, a printing apparatus of a multiplex telegraphy in which the text of the received cable is typed on a paper strip. Z.Bodo in 1874 is constructed. With kon. 1950th are driven out by start - stop teleprinters.

BODO (Baudot) Jean Moris Emil (1845-1903), the French inventor. Has created first practically fit system of repeated serial signalling (baudot apparatus) on the basis of a five unit code (Baudot code); it is put into operation in 1877 on a line Paris - Bordeaux. See. Baud.

BODONI (Bodoni) Dzhambattista (1740-1813), an italian eight-toothed engraver beetle. With 1768 supervised over a printing house in Parma. Has created a number of topping drawings of fonts. The writer " Guidings on a printing house " (the issuing 1818).

BODRICHI (obodrity), the union of nations polabskih slavs of 8-12 centuries in the lower flow of Laba (Elba), and also the nation heading this union.

BODROV Sergey Vladimirovich (r .1948), the Russian film director, the scripter. In 1975-80 log-books special the correspondent "Crocodile". The writer of collections of stories and feuilletons. Since 1990th in the USA. At kino with 1984. One of leaders of the Russian kino 1980-90-Õ, accents attention to problems of youth. Has delivered films: " Sweet juice inside a grass " (together with A.Alpievym), "Nonprofessionals" (1985), "SIR" (1989), " the Caucasian captive " (1996, a nomination on the premium "Oscar"), etc.

BODUEN DE KURTENE (Baudouin de Courtenay) Ivan Aleksandrovich (1845-1929), Russian and Polish jazykoved, corresponding member Petersburg AN (1897). The founder of the Kazan linguistic school. First has justified the theory of phonemes and phonetic alternations, has differentiated diahroniju and synchronism, considering them in continuous communication. Has rendered major influence on development of general linguistics. Transactionses on slavonic linguistics, Russian and Polish tongues. Has edited and has supplemented " the Explanatory dictionary of alive great russian tongue " V.I.Dalja (3 issuing, 1903-09; 4 issuing, 1912-14).

BODH-GAJA, a place of the Clarification of the Buddha; is in a valley of Ganges.

BODHI, in the Buddhism the Clarification, achievement of the maximum true.

BODHI the TREE, a sacred tree of the Buddhism under which the Buddha has found the Clarification.

BODHISATVA (bodisatva) (Sanskrit: what nature - a clarification), in the Buddhism of a Mahajana a theoretical entity which, as against arhata hinajany, acts first of all as the trainer and a sample for other people, master them on ways of moral perfecting to achievement of a nirvana. In the basis of ideal Bodhisatva in a Mahajana - a space principle of a connectedness of all entities the relative compassion and mutual aid.

THISTLE, stem dvu-or perennial grasses with acanthous leaves of a set of a thistle family. St. 200 kinds, in Boreal hemisphere. Many kinds - honey plants, a thistle field - a malicious weed. Some kinds call as a sowthistle.

The BATTLE MACHINE of the INFANTRY, armoured caterpillar, less often the wheel, as a rule, swimming machine in a motorized-rifle (motor-infantry) troops. Has appeared in 1960th. Crew 2-3 persons; 6-9 motostrelkov. Arms: a pappus and 1-2 machine guns; can have an anti-tank guided weapon. Speed of 65-100 km/h. Allows to conduct crocked eggs not leaving from the machine.

BATTLE ORGANIZATION of EXTREMISTS, the Petersburg group of insurgents built by Soyuz of extremists in May 1906 for organization of a terror and expropriations as a permanent asset of extirpation with autocracy. St. 30 members led by M.I.Sokolovym. Had some warehouses of weapons, workshops on manufacturing charges and documents, secret dwelling units; has organized attempts at baron A.V.Kaulbarsa commanding by the Odessa military district and P.A.Stolypina; expropriation of money of a port customs. Has broken up in April 1907.

BATTLE ORGANIZATION ESEROV, the organization built by a consignment eserov in nach. 1900th for extirpation with autocracy by a terror against the most odious representatives of a ruling clique. In structure of organization from 10 up to 30 insurgents led by G.A.Gershuni, since May 1903 - E.F.Azefom. Has organized terroristic acts against Minister of Internal Affairs D.S.Sipjagina and V.K.Pleve, the Kharkov governor of prince I.M.Obolensky and Ufa - N.M.Bogdanovicha, grand duke Sergey Aleksandrovicha; prepared attempts at Nikolay II, Minister of Internal Affairs P.N.Durnovo, Moscow general - governor F.V.Dubasova, priest G.A.Gapona, etc., not comprised because of provokatorskoj activity Azefa. Exposure Azefa has become the cause of demoralization and afterwards dissolution of organization. In 1911 has declared self-dissolution.

The BATTLE ENGINEERING GROUP at a Central Committee of the Russian social-democratic working consignment, supervised over battle teams of workers and military organizations of bolsheviks during Revolution 1905-07, headed L.B.Krasin.