BOGDYHAN (from mong. bogdohan - sacred sovereign), the term as which in Russian letters of 16-17 centuries called emperors of China.

BOHEMIA (frants. boheme, characters. - tsyganshchina), art intelligency not having resistant maintenance (actors, musicians, artists), master inordinate life, and also such mode of life, a household activities, medium of these people.

BOHEMIA (an armour. Bohemia, from Boiohaemum - country bojev), 1) the initial title of terrain on which the state Czechia was formed... 2) the Official title to 1526-1918 Czechias (without Moravia) in structure Gabsburgskoj of empire.

BOHEMIAN BROTHERS, see. The Czech brothers.

BOGZA (Bogza) Dzheo (1908-93), the Romanian writer. Books of lyrical reportings, sketches, pamphlets " Tragedy of Basques " (1937), " the Soviet line of longitudes " (1956), "Lighthouse keeper" (1974), " the Book of Olt " (1976) about life of pre-war and modern Romania. Collections of verses.

BOGODUHOV, city (c 1681) on Ukraine, the Kharkov region. A depot. 19,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). The alimentary enterprises; manufacture of a building materials. It is known about 2-nd floor. 16 century as Clerks of gaffs, about 1662 strength of Clerks.

BOGOLEPOV Konstantin Vladimirovich (1913-83), the Russian geologist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1981). Transactionses on a regional tectonics of Siberia and the Far East, grading and evolution of the main building blocks of earth crust.

BOGOLEPOV Michael Ivanovich (1879-1945), the Russian economist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1939). The organizer and the first rector of Institute of a national economy in Petrograd (1920-22). The main transactionses on the finance and the credit.

BOGOLEPOV Nikolay Pavlovich (1846-1901), the Russian statesman. In 1883-87 and 1891-93 rector of the Moscow university. With 1898 minister for national enlightenment. Has toughened persuit of students for revolutionary performances, down to sending in soldiers. P.V.Karpovichem is lethally wounded.

BOGOLYUBOV Alexey Petrovich (1824-96), the Russian painter. Peredvizhnik. Poetical plein-air landscapes (" the Mouth of Neva ", 1872), scenes of marine battles.

BOGOLYUBOV Efim Dmitrievich (1889-1952), the Russian chess player; the international grandmaster (1951). The checkrow theorist. With 1926 - in Germany. The champion of the USSR (1924 and 1925); the 8-fold champion of Germany. The winner of some large international tournaments in Pjashtjani (1922), Moscow (1925), Berlin (1926 and 1927), etc. The Participant of two world-title matches from A.Alehinym (1929 - 9,5:15,5 and 1934 - 10,5:15,5). The writer of the collection " International chess tournament in Moscow 1925 " (1927).

BOGOLYUBOV Mihail Nikolaevich (r. 1918), jazykoved, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1990). Probes of the Iranian tongues (horezmijsky, sogdijsky, jagnobsky).

BOGOLYUBOV Nikolay Ivanovich (1899-1980), the actor, the national actor of Russia (1945). With 1923 at Theatre him. Mejerholda, in 1938-58 in Moskovsk Art Academic theatre. It was taken out in films: "Surburb", " the Great citizen ", " Seven courageous ", etc. State premiums of the USSR (1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950).

BOGOLYUBOV Nikolay Nikolaevich (1909-92), mathematician and the physics - theorist, the founder of scientific schools on a nonlinear mechanics and theoretical physics, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1953) and AN Ukraine (1948), doubly the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1969, 1979). Fundamental transactionses on a nonlinear mechanics, a statistical physics (microscopic theories of a superfluidity and a superconductivity), a quantum theory of a field (dispersionnnye ratios). The lenin premium (1958), State premiums of the USSR (1947, 1953, 1984). A golden medal him. Lomonosov AN the USSR (1985).

BOGOLYUBOV Nikolay Nikolaevich (r. 1940), mathematician, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1984). Son N.N.Bogolyubov. The main transactionses on mathematical physics. The state premium of the USSR (1983).

BOGOLJUBOVO, a urban settlement (with 1960) in the Russian Federation, the Vladimirskiy region. A depot. 4,2 thousand inhabitants (1991). Bogoljubovo - a residence of prince Andrey Bogoljubskogo - it is constructed in 1158-65, it eroded by mongolo-tartars. Earth shafts, pits and tracks belokamennyh strengthening of the clasp were in part saved; inside were a major palace (the part of a scalene tower with transition) and a cathedral (all 12 century was saved), known on materials of pipettings.

BOGOMILISM, heretical motion on the Balkans in 10-14 centuries (then, till 17 century, sect). The religious - philosophical doctrine of bogomils close to pavlikianam also has exerted influence on catarrhs, albigenses.

BOGOMOLETS Alexander Aleksandrovich (1881-1946), patofiziolog, academician AN of Ukraine (1929), AN the USSR (1932), AN Belarus (1939), AMN (1944), president AN of Ukraine (1930-46), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1944). Transactionses on physiology and a pathology of vegetative nervous system, a blood transfusion, about a reactivity, about constitutions and diathesises; has put forward the doctrine about a role of a connective tissue in immunity, the theory of longevity. The state premium of the USSR (1941).

MANTES Alexey Fedorovich (r. 1913), the scientist, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1984), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1957). Transactionses on radio engineering and radio physics (development of radio telescopes, etc.). The lenin premium (1960), State premiums of the USSR (1978, 1986).

MANTES Vladimir Osipovich (r. 1926), the Russian writer. Stories about Great Domestic war, including "Ivan" (1958; film " Ivanovo the childhood ", 1962). In the extremely topical novel about activity of the Soviet military counterintelligence " In August of magpies fourth " (other title " the Moment of true ", 1974) the stylization of historical documents utilised.