BOKONBAEV Dzhoomart (1910-44), the Kirghiz poet. Collections of lyrical verses and poems, texts the musical of dramas "Toktogul" and " the Golden girl " (both 1939), opera librettoes.

SIDE-VEINED, a subtype of the most primitive seashells. For the majority - it is mobile the jointed shell. Nervous system from 2 fallow of longitudinal trunks (two - lateral). 3 modern of a class: dinoflagellata, solenogastry, kaudofoveaty. In all marginal seas from a litoral up to an abyss.

FRESH-WATER SHRIMPS (raznonogie Crustacea), order of Invertebrata of subclass of the maximum Crustacea. Length 0,5-28 see. Float edgewise. Ok. 4,5 thousand kinds{views}. Are distributed widely, in seas and fresh water reservoirs. Minister nutrition to many food fishes, seals, whales and some birds. Are part krilja.

BOX (from English box - a box, a box), in medicine - a room for isolation of seriously ill patients, ill contagions, etc.

BOX (English box, characters. - impact), combat sport, kulachnyj crocked eggs on special regulations, in special mild gloves. Rhodinum of the modern box - England (16-17 centuries). In International association of amateur box (AIBA; it is based in 1946) 156 countries (1991). In the program of Olympic Games with 1904, world championships with 1974, Europe with 1924.

BOKSBURG (Boksburg), city in the republic of South Africa. 111 thousand inhabitants (1985). One of the centres zolotouransoderzhashchego a bass. Witwatersrand.

BOKSBURG (Boksburg), city in the republic of South Africa. 111 thousand inhabitants (1985). One of the centres zolotouransoderzhashchego a bass. Witwatersrand.

BOXING REVOLT, see. Ihetuanskoe revolt.

BOKSITOGORSK, city (with 1950) in the Russian Federation, the Leningrad region. A depot. 21,7 thousand inhabitants (1991). Aluminous, biochemical factories. Bliz Boksitogorska - production of bauxites.

BAUXITES, aluminium the ore, consisting basically from oxyhydroxides of aluminium (28-80 %) and gland (gibbsita, a boehmite and a diaspore, a hydrogoethite, etc.). Primarily sedimental. Harmful impurity - SiO2. Firmness of 1800-3100 kg / m3. Raw material for obtaining aluminium, and also paints, abradants, refractories. Main getting{procuring} foreign countries - Australia, Jamaica, Surinam, Guyana.

BOKSHAJ Joseph Iosifovich (1891-1975), the Ukrainian painter, the national artist of the USSR (1963), corresponding member AH the USSR (1958). One of osnovatelej the first art school in Zakarpatje (1927). Soft landscapes on colour, conversations, portraits, still-lifes: " the Market in Uzhgorod " (1927), " Nevichansky the clasp " (1970).

BOLA (from isp. bola - a sphere), propellant weapons of Indians of steppes Juzh. America, used in a horse hunt, - one or several spheres (from a stone, later - from metal), attached to belts; at a dush belts entangle legs or a neck animal.

BOLANSKY PASS, in Pakistan, on the joint of mountains Mekran and Sulejmanovyh. An altitude of 1792 m. The railway and the highways master from Pakistan to border{limit} with Afghanistan.

BOLGAR (Bulgar), medieval (10-15 centuries) city, in 10-12 centuries capital Bulgarii Volzhsko-Kamskoj. Residues ok. Seconds Bolgary Tatarii. Inhabited, craft and commercial quarters, mosques, baths, mausoleums and so forth.

BULGARIA, Republic Bulgaria, (Republic Blgarija), the state in the south of Europe, on Balkan p-ove, is washed against by Black m. of 110,9 thousand êì2. The population 8,47 million person (1993), basically bolgary; Turks, the gipsy live also, etc. The Urban population of 67 % (1993). The official language - Bulgarian. The majority of believers - orthodox, is moslems - sunnity. Administrative territorial division: 9 ranges (up to 1987 - 28 districts). Capital - Sofia. The chief of state - the president. The body of legislation - unicameral public assembly. A large part of country - mountain hrebty Stara Planina, the Sredna-mountain, Rila Planina with Musala (a peak level Balkan p-ova, 2925 ì), Pirin, Rhodope. In a north - plain Nizhnedunajskaja, at the centre - Kazanlykskaja a hollow, to the south - extensive Verhnefrakijskaja nizm. A climate moderate, in the south transient{berthing} to Mediterranean. On plains mean temperatures of January from? 2 up to 2 °C, July up to 25 °C. Rainfall annually from 450 mm on plains up to 1300 mm in mountains. The large rivers - Danube, Maritsa. Woods (ok. 1/3 terrains) predominary deciduous. National parks: Vitasha, Golden sands, Ropotamo, Steneto, etc. The Most ancient population - frakijtsy. By 1 century n. e. The terrain of Bulgaria is conquered by Rome, in 395 was part Vost. Roman (Byzantian) empire. In nach. 7 century here settle slavonic nations. In 681 has developed t. n. The first Bulgarian kingdom (in 1018-1187 under an authority of Byzantium), in 1187-1396 existed{breathed} the Second Bulgarian kingdom. In kon. 14 century. Bulgaria is conquered by Ottoman empire. Bulgarian people struggled against a turkish yoke (motion gajdukov, April revolt 1876, etc.) . Bulgaria after a defeat of Turkey in war with Russia 1877-78 is free. With 1879 Bulgaria - the principality (the vassal of Turkey), with 1908 an independent kingdom. In 1891 the Bulgarian social-democratic party is based. Bulgaria participat in the Balkan wars 1912-13. In 1-st world war has acted (with 1915) on the party of Germany. On Nejiskomu to the peace treaty 1919 has lost the considerable terrains, an output to Egejskomu m. September revolt 1923 has been severely suppressed{quenched} by the government which has come to an authority after tumble (June 1923). In March 1941 Bulgaria has been involved in the Berlin pact 1940, a troops of Germany are entered on the Bulgarian terrain. The organizer of armed anti-fascist extirpation was the Communist Party. In 1942 the Domestic front is built led by the communists, organizational consolidated association of patriotic forces. After the introduction of the Soviet Army on terrain of Bulgaria, a monarchic mode was will overthrow. On September, 9 1944 the first government of Domestic front is built. On September, 15 1946 Bulgaria is professed by national republic. In June 1990 at elections to the Public assembly, taking place on the multi-party basis{fundamentals}, has conquered the Bulgarian socialist party (about 1990 new title of Communist Party), in December the coalition government generated{formed}. In October 1991 on parliamentary elections victory the coalition of motions and organizations has gained Soyuz of democratic forces (it is based in December 1989) .Bolgarija - industrial - agrarian country. A lobe in a gross internal product, 1992, %: an industry and construction 46,6, village and a forestry 10,4. Production of brown coal 30,3 million t (1992). Manufacture of the electric power 35,6 billion kVt·ch (1992). Are most developed a machine industry (manufacture of electric wire rope hoists and electrocars, tractors, farm machines, a computer, rigs) and a flavoring industry (tobacco, plodokonservnaja). Black and nonferrous machine industry. Chemical and petrochemical, a woodworking industry. In an agriculture the plant growing prevails{dominates}. Manufacture of a grain and pulse crops (6,7 million t in 1992, primarily wheat, corn), tobacco, vegetables, fruits, a grape, efirnomaslichnyh crops (1 place in the world on manufacture and export of a rose oil). Meat - sherstnoe animal husbandry (a large horned stock, sheeps, pigs). Fishery. Length (1992, one thousand in km) railways 6,6, motorways 36,9. Navigation across Danube. The tonnage of a marine merchant marine fleet ok. 2 million register gross tons (1992). Primary ports: Varna, Burgas. Marine ferry communication{connection} Varna - Ilyichevsk (Ukraine). Health resorts of international value Golden Sands, Albena, the Solar Shore. Export: machine-building, electrotechnical, chemical production, plastics materials, vegetables, fruits, wine, tobacco items. Ok. 1/2 foreign trade turnovers fall at countries Zap. Europe. Foreign tourism (over 1 million. The person annually). Monetary unit - a lion.

BULGARIA VOLZHSKO-KAMSKAJA, see Bulgarija Volzhsko-Kamskaja.

The BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, conducts a history with 1869; it is reorganized in 1949. Is in Sofia. In 1991 over 50 academies, over 80 corresponding members, over 90 foreign members; 10 exploratory and training centers (integrate scientific research institute and laboratories AN and the Sofia university and other a scientific institute).

BULGARIAN LEGIJA, military connections of the Bulgarian emigrants (1-n Bulgarian legija - ok. 500 person in 1861-62; 2-n - ok. 200 person in 1867-68), it is built in Belgrade with a goal of the struggle for discharging of Bulgaria of an osmanli yoke. Dissolved by the Serbian government.

The BULGARIAN BACILLUS, kind{view} of lactic asid bacteria. It is applied to a leavening of milk which fast curdles under action of the Bulgarian bacillus at t 45-50 °C.

BULGARIAN AGRICULTURAL NATIONAL UNION (BZNS), is based in 1899. Outstanding figures - A.Stambolijsky, G.Trajkov, etc.