BOLOHOVO, city (with 1943) in the Russian Federation, the Tula region, bliz zh.-d. An item. Prisady. 12 thousand inhabitants (1992). Machine works; a food-processing industry.

GROUND BOLOHOVSKAJA, old russian historical range (12-13 centuries) in verhovjah r. JUzh. Bug and a bass. rr. Goryn, Sluch, the Red grouse (nowadays terrain of Khmelnitskiy region). In 13 century it was separated from the Kiev principality, has recognized an authority the mongolo-tartar, then it is adjoined to the Galitsko-Volynsk principality.

BOLSTAD (Bulstad) (Bolstad) Ejvin (1905-79), the Norwegian writer. The anti-fascist play "Patriots" (1939), social novels "Speculator" (1947), " the Red begonia " (1947), " the Tango of mors " (1967), " the Black mass " (1970), stories.

BOLT (from nizhnenem. bolt), a fastener, routinely a rod with the 6-faced or square head and a thread for screwing on of a nut.

BOLT (Bolt) Robert (r. 1924), the English playwright. Historical dramas " the Person for any pore " (1960), " Long live queen, vivat! " (1971) in spirit of " a new wave ". In a philosophical drama " Tender Jack " (1965) - B.Brecht influence.

BOLTVUD (Boltwood) Bertram Borden (1870-1927), American fizikohimik. The main{basic} transactionses in range of a radiochemistry. Has proved (1903), that radium is a decay product of uranium. Has placed{installed} (1905), that uranic minerals always contain lead and has correctly assumed, that he can be an end - product of a radioactive decay of uranium. Has offered (1907) by quantity of lead in ore and on a known disintegration rate of uranium to determine age of geologic breeds. Has discovered (1907) ionium - a natural radioisotope of thorium.

BOLTIN Ivan Nikitich (1735-92), the Russian historian, the statesman, the member of military board. The first publisher of Vast{Voluminous} edition of " the Russian truth ". Transactionses on historical geography, a source study, an old russian history.

BOLTINSKY Vasily Nikolaevich (1903/04-77), engineers - mechanics, academician VASHNIL (1956), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1974). Transactionses under the theory of tractor engines, mashinno-tractor units. State premiums of the USSR (1952, 1976).

BOLTON (Bolton) Elmer the Kaiser (1886-1968), American chemists - organics. In 1915-51 the Du Pont de Nemur " worked in concern ". Transactionses on chemistry of dyes and high-molecular compounds. One of organizers of an industry of synthetic dyes in the USA. Has secured{discharged} pigments of a geranium, a pink sage and a red common chrysanthemum and has defined{determined} their structure. Participat in development of industrial methods of obtaining of duprene rubber and polyamides.

BOLHOV, city in the Russian Federation, the Oryol region on r. Nugr, in 50 kms from zh.-d. An item. Mtsensk. 13,1 thousand inhabitants (1992). Furniture combine, the alimentary enterprises. A study of local lore museum. It is known from 13 century.

BOLHOVITINOV Victor Fedorovich (1899-1970), the Russian aircraft designer, the general - major-inzhener (1943). The designer of a heavy bomber DB - AND, a fighter with coaxial screws, etc.

BOLHOVITINOV Evfimy Alekseevich (in monasticism - Eugeny) (1767-1837), the Russian historian, arheograf, the bibliographer. With 1822 metropolitan Kiev. Historical, istoriko-study of local lore and biobibliographic transactionses.

BOLHOVITINOV Nikolay Nikolaevich (r. 1930), the historian, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1992). The main{basic} transactionses on a history the USA, to international attitudes{relations} and foreign policy of Russia of 18-19 centuries, historiography.

BOLCH (Balch) Emili Green (1867-1961) American economist, the professor (1913). One of organizers of motion for social reforms in the USA. Aktivistka Women international league for the world and freedom, built in 1919. Transactionses on problems of emigration and racism. In the book " our fellow citizens - slavs " (1910), has refuted views about racial inferiority of slavs on which requests about limitation of immigration in the USA representatives of slavonic peoples rested. The Nobel Prize of the world (1946, together with D.Mottom).

PAIN, the psychophysiological organism response originating at the strong irritation of sensing nerve terminations, incorporated in organs and tissues. One of the most early symptoms of some diseases.

HOSPITAL, establishment for hospitalization, permanent supervision{observation}, and also isolation (in an event of zymotic and some other diseases) ill.

BOLZANO (Bolzano), city in the Sowing. Italy, in eastern Alpes, an administrative centre prov. Bolzano. 100,4 thousand inhabitants (1991). A traffic centre on ways to Brenner pass. The electrometallurgy treating{processing}, a light industry.

BOLZANO (Bolzano) Bernard (1781-1848), the Czech mathematician and the philosopher. Opposed psychologism in logic; to trues of logic attributed theoretical objective existence. Has exerted influence E.Gusserlja. Has entered a number{series} of the important concepts of a calculus, was precursor G.Kantora in probe of infinite set.