BRIBERY, obtaining by the official by any way and in any form of material assets or granting to him of material values for committing (or omittance) in interests of the briber of the actions, included in competence of the given official.

VIADUCT (from an armour. via - road, a path and duco - I lead), the structure of bridge type erected on traverse of road with a coulee, a hollow, a mountain gorge, etc. The Viaduct routinely build at economic or technical inexpediency of erection of high landfills. Stone viaducts are known from times Other. Rome.

VIAM, see. Air materials institute.

VIAN (Vian) Boris (1920-59), the French writer, the playwright. Constructed on mixture of pathetics and a parody Vian creativity was one of early developments nonconformist " youth clamp " in western crop 50-70-Õ 20 century: " Foam of days " (1947), " Autumn in Peking " (1947), " the Red grass " (1950), "Serdtseder" (1953). Plays " the Overall knackery " (1950), " Lunch of generals " (it is published in 1962), " Builders of empire " (1959). Poetic collections (" Texts and songs ", are issued in 1966).

VIAREDZHO (Viareggio), a climatic health resort in Italy, on coast Ligurijskogo in m., to northwest from Pisa.

VIBRATO (ital. vibrato, from an armour. vibro - koleblju), alternations of a pitch of a tone (frequency vibrato) or volume levels (peak vibrato). It is applied in singing, the game on string stringed and duhovyh instruments, in electroorgans. The note with vibrato becomes warm, emotionally saturated.

The VIBRATOR (from an armour. vibro - koleblju (s)), system in which can be excited oscillations (mechanic, electromagnetic, etc.). Napr., the vibrator in radio physics and radio engineering - a cutting of a straight-line explorer on which the alternate current raying electromagnetic waves flows; in electric technique - a movement of probing devices of vibrational type (napr., frequency meters). The vibrator - an action of all shake-out machines.

VIBRAFON, an impact musical instrument with a fixed altitude of sounding, phylum of a xylophone.

VIBRATIONAL DISEASE, the occupational disease stipulated by a long-term environment of vibration. It is defined by changes of vessels of extremities, the nervimuscular and kostno-articulate apparatus, etc.

The SHAKE-OUT MACHINE, the machine to which action oscillating motion for implementation or intensification of executed process intercommunicates. Distinguish shake-out machines with mono-, bi-and polyharmonic oscillations; shock-free and shock - vibrational. Formings of concrete products, dippings in a ground of stilts and pipes, etc. (napr are applied in construction to condensation of road carpets., vibrorollers, vibrating hammers); at manufacturing foundry cores, knock-out of casting boxes (vibrational lattices); for boring rocks, loading and transportation of mined rock (shaking conveyors); a screening (shakers); in machines of a food-processing industry, an agriculture, etc.

VIBRATIONAL MACHINING, machining method of component parts and preparations in abrasive medium (sometimes with the additive of chemicals) at influence on medium or an item of mechanic oscillations. It is applied to clearing a casting, descaling and corrosion products from a surface of a component part, deburring and a flash, reduction of a surface roughness, etc.

The VIBRATIONAL ADJUSTER, automatic regulator, which actuator is in a mode of continuous oscillations (vibrations). The vibrational adjuster of an electric pressure, which actuator - the electromagnetic relay assembly is most distributed - closes (at a voltage reduction) and disconnects (at his increase) an exciting circuit of the electric generator.

The VIBRATIONAL TRANSPORT, devices for directed conveyance of loose and lumpy materials, pastes, the liquids, carried out by vibration working (gruzonesushchih) organs of shake-out machines (conveyers, pompes, feeders, bathers, bunkers).

VIBRATION (from an armour. vibratio - oscillation), mechanic oscillations in technique (machines, mechanisms, designs and so forth). Useful vibration is excited deliberately by vibrators (actions of shake-out machines) and used in construction, a machine industry, medicine, etc. Harmful vibration arises, napr., at motion of vehicles, activity of engines, turbines, etc. can reduce in violation of mode of behaviors and to destruction. To vibration protection apply a vibration insulation. Action of vibrations on an organism can be both beneficent, and harmful (vibrational disease) in frequency function of vibrations.

VIBRIOSIS, the same, that kampilobakterioz.

VIBRIO (frants. vibrion, from an armour. vibro - I oscillate, curl), a stem of bacteria. Gram-negative, curved by the way a comma of a bacillus. Are capable to fast oscillating motions (from here the title). Dwell in water reservoirs, soil, contents of an intestines. Pathogenic kinds of a vibrio invoke a vibriosis for animal and a cholera in the person.

VIBRO... [from an armour. vibro - koleblju (s)], the part of the composite words meaning: relating oscillating motions, vibration.

VIBRATION INSULATION, structural protection, machines, devices and people from an ill effect of vibration by introduction of snubbers between sources of vibration and protected objects.