BRODMAN (Brodmann) Korbinian (1868-1918), the german neurologist, one of osnovatelej doctrines about tsitoarhitektonike (value, the form and an arrangement of cells of a cerebral cortex). Has created maps (are published in 1909) arrangements tsitoarhitektonicheskih fields of major hemispheres of a brain of the person.

BRODNIKI, the population of a shore of the Azov m. and the lower Don in 12-13 centuries, probably slavonic. Participat in civil strifes of Russian princes, russko-polovetskih and the russko-tatar battles.

BRODSKAJA Lydia Isaakovna (1910-91), the Russian painter, the national artist of the USSR (1980), corresponding member AH the USSR (1970). Daughter I.I.Brodsky. Legible under the form, affluent component parts landscapes ("Spring", 1961-67).

BRODSKY, the Russian businessmen, saharozavodchiki. Have begun beet sugar manufacture in 40th of 19 century. Organizers of 1-st sugar syndicate (1887).

BRODSKY Alexander Iljich (1895-1969), fizikohimik, academician AN of Ukraine (1939), corresponding member AN the USSR (1943), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1969). The main transactionses on electrochemistry, chemistry and an isotope separation, the theory of a chemical bond. Under Brodsky guiding for the first time in the USSR installation on obtaining a heavy water (1934) is built. The state premium of the USSR (1946).

BRODSKY Joseph Aleksandrovich (1940-96), the Russian poet; wrote also in English. In 1972 has emigrated in the USA. In verses (collections " the Shut-down in desert ", 1967, " the End of perfect epoch ", " the Part of speech ", both 1972, "Uranija", 1987) understanding of the world as the unified metaphysical and cultural whole. Distinctive features of style - stiffness and latent pathetics, irony and a bruise (early Brodsky), meditativnost, sold through the circulation to the complicated associative modes, cultural reminiscences (sometimes resulting in leakproofness of the poetic space). An essay, stories, plays, transfers. The Nobel Prize (1987).

BRODSKY Isaak Izrailevich (1883/84-1939), the Russian painter and the schedule, the honored worker of arts of Russia (1938). Artistic - documentary, historico-revolutionary patterns (" Shooting of 26 Baku commissioners ", 1925, " Lenin in Smolnom ", 1930), portraits, landscapes. The director (with 1934) All-Russia AH in Leningrad.

FORDS, city (with 1939) on Ukraine, the Lvov region. A depot. 24 thousand inhabitants (1991). The enterprises alimentary, mild, a metal-working industry. It is known from 12 century.

" NOMADIC SCENES " the THEORY, the same, that the migratory theory.

FERMENTATION, process of enzimatic degradation of organic substances, predominary the carbohydrates, weeping without use of oxygen. Is an energy source for vital activity of an organism and plays a major role in a cycle in a nature. Some kinds of fermentation called by microorganisms (alcohol, lactate, butyrate, acetic), are used in manufacture of alcohol, glycerine and other technical and foodstuffs.

BROILER (English broiler, from broil - to roast on fire), a chicken in the age of up to 70 sut, weighing up to 2 kg. For manufacture of broilers use meat - egg, meat breeds of hens and meat lines of these breeds. The hybrid young plants of other kinds of the bird, cultivated on meat (ducklings than 8 weeks are not more higher, gusjat and tsesarjat than 12 weeks are not more higher, turkey poultries than 19 weeks are not more higher) call as a broiler also.

BROJL (de Brolji) (de Broglie), French physics, brothers: 1) Moris (1875-1960), foreign corresponding member AN the USSR (1927). Transactionses on X-ray spectroscopy, nuclear and a nuclear physics... 2) Lui (1892-1987), foreign member AN the USSR (1958), one of creators of a quantum mechanics, has put forward (1924) idea about undular properties of a matter. Transactionses on a structure of an atomic kernel, distribution of electromagnetic waves in waveguides, a history and a methodology of physics. The Nobel Prize (1929).

BROK (Broch) Olaf (1867-1961), the Norwegian Slavist, foreign member AN the USSR (1925; the foreign member Petersburg AN with 1916). The main transactionses in range of east - slavonic and Serbo-Croatian dialectology, phonetics of slavonic tongues, etc. Transfer of the Russian literature on the Norwegian tongue.

BROKA (Broca) Pol (1824-80), the French anatomist and the anthropologist. Has based the Anthropological society in Paris (1859). Has discovered a motorium of speech (centre Broka) in a brain (1863). Transactionses on a technique of anthropology, about the modern and ancient population of France, a comparative anatomy of primates.

BROKAR (Brocard) Genrih Afanasjevich (1836-1900), the perfumer, the businessman. From family of the French perfumer. From 1861 cable cores in Russia, remaining the French citizen. In 1872 has founded the trading house, in 1893 - Company of perfumery manufacture in Moscow " Brokar and To ". Has invented a new way of manufacturing of concentrated spirits. Has created new aromas, studied influence of spirits on an emotion of the person. The master of extravagant advertising. On the All-Russia commercial and industrial exhibition in 1896 in N.Novgorode has arranged for charge-free use a spout from flower cologne which manufacture for the first time has discovered in Russia. Has collected an art collection (ceramics, porcelain, bronze, etc.) which annually was on display in the charitable purposes.

BROCKHAUS (Brockhaus), a german book-publishing firm, founded F.A.Brockhaus (1772-1823) in 1805 in Amsterdam (then Altenburg and Leipzig). With 1808 emitted the encyclopedia under the title "Brockhaus" (for 19 century there were 14 issuings); 15 (1928-37, 21 volume, Leipzig) - 18 (1977-81, 12 volumes, Wiesbaden) are exhausted under the title " Major Brockhaus ". In 80th the firm " Bibliographic institute F.A.Brockhaus " was included in publishing group " Ëàíãåíøàéäò ".

BROKDORF-RANTSAU (Brockdorff-Rantzau) Ulrih (1869-1928), columns, the chief of the German delegacy on the Parisian nonpredatory conference 1919-20, the opponent of signing of the Versailles peace treaty 1919. In 1922-28 salting in the USSR.