BRUCE Robert (1274-1329), the Scottish king with 1306. In 1314 has divided the English army at place Bannokbern. In 1328 has achieved from England confession of independence of Scotland.

BRUCE William (1867-1921), the Scottish seafarer and the doctor. In 1892-93 and 1902-04 led oceanologic probes in m. Ueddella, has discovered Coats land in Antarctica. The writer of the design transantarkticheskogo transition from m. Ueddella to m. Rossa (has executed V.Fuks in 1957-58).

BRUCE Jacob Vilimovich (1670-1735), columns, the Russian state and military figure, spodvizhnik Peter I, the senator, president Berg and Manufactories - boards (1717), general - field marshal (1726). The participant of the Crimean and Azov marchings 80-90-Õ of 17 century and Boreal war 1700-21. Transferred foreign books, knew the Moscow civil printing house. His name calls a civil calendar 1709-15.

BRYUSOV Alexander Jakovlevich (1885-1966), the archeologist, the doctor of historical sciences. Brother V.J.Bryusov. Transactionses on epoch of a neolith and bronze.

BRYUSOV Valery Jakovlevich (1873-1924), the Russian poet. The founder of Russian symbolism. A historical and cultural problematics, rationalism, a completeness of modes, deklamatsionnyj build (books of verses " Tertia Vigilia " - " the Third sentinel ", 1900; " Urbi et Orbi " - " to City and the world ", 1903; "???????? " - "Wreath", 1906). Historical novels: " the Igneous angel " (1908), " the Altar of victory " (1913). After October revolution led public - pedagogical activity. Literary criticism. Transactionses on prosody.

BRYUSOV Nadezhda Jakovlevna (1881-1951), the Russian musicologist, the figure in range of music education and enlightenment, the honored worker of arts of Russia (1950). Sister V.J.Bryusov. Transactionses on the musical pedagogics; to a technique of musical - theoretical education, a folk music.

BRUSSELS SPROUTS, biennial herbaceous plant of a stem cabbage of a set of a cruciferae family. In I peep use kochanchiki a dia of 2,5-5 sm which are generatrix on a stalk in axils of leaves (20-35 piece).

The BRUXELLES PACT 1948, the agreement for building the Western-European union.

BREWSTER (Brewster) Dejvid (1781-1868), Scottish physics, the foreign honorary member Petersburg AN (1830). Probeed polarization of light. Has placed (1815) law called as his name, has discovered circular polarization. Has invented a kaleidoscope, has constructed lenss for beacons and has improved the stereoscope.

BREWSTER the LAW: if the light ray drops on a surface of dielectric bevel way?, which tangent is peer to refractive index (Brewster angle) light, reflected from a surface of dielectric, is completely polarized. D.Brjusterom in 1815 is established.

BRJUHOVETSKY Ivan Martynovich (?-1668), the hetman of Left-bank Ukraine in 1663-1668. Achieved branch of Ukraine from Russia; it is killed by cossacks.

BRJUHONENKO Sergey Sergeevich (1890-1960), the Russian physiologist. Has developed a method and has created the first artificial blood-circulation apparatus (avtozhektor) (1920-25) which used in experiences on dogs at revival of their organism after approach of clinical mors. In 1945-51 on method Brjuhonenko revival of an organism of the person implemented. The lenin premium (1965, posthumously).

CASTROPODA (snails), class of mollusks. A head routinely with feelers and a pair of eyes. The shell (the altitude from 0,5 mm up to 70 sm) is turbinal, for some misses. 3 subclasses: perednezhabernye, pulmonary, Opisthobranchia; ok. 90 thousand kinds. Marine, freshwater and terraneous forms. Many Castropoda intermediate hosts of parasitic worms, a number of terraneous forms damage garden and ogorodnye crops, some - object of a craft.

BRJUHORESNICHNYE SEA-WORMS, the same, that gastrotrihi.

PERITONEUM, the thin serosa lining from within walls of an abdominal cavity and coating organs located in her. A peritonitis - a peritonitis.

ABDOMINAL CAVITY, part of a secondary perigastrium, or tseloma; for vertebrates contains an internals, except for kidneys and heart, and for mammals - and lungs. For the person an abdominal cavity call also as a cavity of a belly.

TYPHOID, the acute contagion of the person called by a bacterium from a stem of salmonellas (a fever, a heavy general condition, a crop, a defeat of an intestines). Infection from ill and bakterionositelej through water, I peep, dirty arms, flies.

BRJANKA, city (with 1962) on Ukraine, Lugansk region, on r. Lozovaja. Depot (Avdakovo). 64,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). Production of mineral coal. Factory of a drilling equipment.

BRYANSK, city in the Russian Federation, the centre of Bryansk region, on r. Desna. A railway junction. 460,5 thousand inhabitants (1992). A machine industry and metal working (a software " Bryansk machine works ", " Bryansk motor-works ", "Brjanskselmash", etc.), chemical, mild (including a worsted software), alimentary, etc. an industry. 4 high schools. 2 museums. 3 theatres. It is known with 1146.

BRYANSK RANGE, in the Russian Federation. 34,9 thousand êì2. The population of 1464 thousand person (1992), urban 68 %. 15 cities, 31 urban settlement (1991.) Center - Bryansk. A surface flat. Mean temperatures of January? 7 °S, July 18-19 °S. A rainfall ok. 600 mm annually. The main river - Desna. A machine industry (diesels, transport, agricultural, building, road, textile machines, rigs, refrigerator sections, etc.) and metal working, chemical, a building materials, mild, alimentary, wood and a woodworking industry. Crops of grain and technical crops; a potato growing. A vegetable raising, a fruit growing. A dairy - beef cattle husbandry, a swine breeding. A poultry breeding. In Great Domestic war in Bryansk woods - the centre of guerilla motion.