BUGER (Bouguer) Pierre (1698-1758), the French scientist, one of osnovatelej a photometry. Has developed method of measurements of light intensity. Has placed (1729) law of slackening of light (law Bugera - a Lambert - Baire). In 1735-43 supervised over grade measurements in Peru (together with S.M.Kondaminom).

BUGERA - the LAMBERT - BAIRE the LAW, determines slackening light with initial intensity I0 at his transit in medium with an absorption index k and depth l: I = I0 (exp - kl). For solutions k-? C (With - concentration? - an absorption index of a solution of single concentration). Experimentally P.Bugerom (1729) is open, I.G.Lambertom (1760) is theoretically introduced, for solutions A.Berom (1852) is investigated.

BUGI-VUGI, 1) a manner of the piano game in tracking blueses (see. A blues): loose improvising on a characteristic, recurring melodiko-rhythmic model in a bass. Has engendered in the USA in kon. 19 in... 2) North American dance (the dimension 4/4); has arisen in 1920th on the basis of piano bugi-vugi. In Zap. To Europe it was distributed after 1945.

BUGIJSKY TONGUE, falls into southern - sulavesijskim to the tongues which are traditionally powered up in the Indonesian group avstronezijskoj of family of tongues. Writing on the basis of the latin alphabet.

BUGISY (the self-title - tougik), people in Indonesia (primarily on a southwest about. Sulawesi). Number 4,55 million person. Live also in Malaysia and Singapore. An aggregate number 4,6 million person. (1992). Tongue bugijsky. Believing moslems - sunnity.

BUGRIMOVA Irina Nikolaevna (r. 1910), the Russian actress of a circus, the national actress of the USSR (1969), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1979). Together with A.N.Buslaevym acted (with 1929) in air amusement, then in number with temper-rolled animal; in 1946-76 dressirovshchitsa lions.

BUGROV Nikolay Aleksandrovich (1837-1911), the Nizhniy Novgorod merchant, the industrialist, the millionaire. From old believers. Possessed power mills. N.Novgorodu the building of City council has presented, plotted asylums, schools, etc. Sustained the old believers living in woods Kerzhentsa and on r. Irgiz.

BUGRY PUCHENIJA, the cryosolic landforms of the spherical form which are generatrix at a freezing of hardly humidified stratas of rocks and increase of their volume owing to local accumulation of ice. Are developed in ranges of distribution of permfrost rocks in tundra and a forest - tundra.

BUGSKY the FIRTH, a bay in boreal part of Black m. Length of 47 kms, width up to 11 kms. Draining with Dneprovskim a firth, will derivate Dneprovsko-Bugsky a firth. It is navigable. On Bugskom a firth - Nikolaev.

BUGSKIH COSSACKS REVOLT (Bugskogo Cossack a troops) in July - September 1817 (the centre - Voznesensk) in connection with transfer of their military settlement. It is suppressed by a governmental troops.

BUGSKOE the COSSACK ARMY, is built in 1803 on r. JUzh. Bug in structure of 3 regiments. In 1817 it is transferbed in military settlements and it is converted to ulanskie regular shelves.

BUGULMA, city (with 1781) in the Russian Federation, Tatarija, at a lockin r. Bugulminka in r. Zaj. A depot. 91,1 thousand inhabitants (1992). A crude production. A machine industry (factory " Petroautomatics ", software "Bugulmaneftemash", etc.) and metal working, porcelain factory; the alimentary enterprises. Theatre. Museums: study of local lore and Jaroslava Gashek (in 1919 was the mate of the commandant of Bugulma). It is based in 1736.

BUGULMINSKO-BELEBEEVSKAJA the HIGH GROUND, a flat watershed (an altitude up to 418 ì) the left-handed inflow rr. White, Kama and Volga.

BUGURUSLAN, city (with 1781) in the Russian Federation, the Orenburg region, on r. B.Kinel. A depot. 54,1 thousand inhabitants (1992). Factory " Radiator "; alimentary, a light industry. Bliz Buguruslana - a crude production and gas. Theatre. A study of local lore museum. It is based in 1748 as a large village.

BUDAGOV Ruben Aleksandrovich (r. 1910), Russian jazykoved, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1970). Transactionses in range of general and Romanesque linguistics and philology.

BUDAJ-DELJANU (Budai-Deleanu) Jon (ok. 1760-1820), the Romanian poet - educator. Settled idea of national self-affirmation. Geroiko-satirical poem "TSyganiada" (1875-76).

BUDAJ-HESHAN, in the Chinese mythology the god of a health and happiness, is identified with Majtrejej. It was figured by the way the person with a tag belly.

Be - KOSHELEVO, city (with 1971) in Belarus, Gomel region. A depot (be - Koshelevskaja). 8,9 thousand inhabitants (1991). A food-processing industry.

BUDANTSEV Sergey Fedorovich (1896-1940?), the Russian writer. In the prose noted by a style diversification and an experimentation with the form, reverts to spores of bolsheviks and eserov with their different views on revolution (the novel "Rebelion", other title "Commander", 1922), the composite poslerevoljutsionnoj situations in Turkmenistan (the novel "Locust", 1927), to psychologic problems (" the Story about travail of mind ", 1929), etc. Books: " Japanese duel " (1927), "Zenith" (1934), "Writer" (it is published in 1959), etc. In 1937 it is repressed; has perished in the conclusion.

BUDAPEST (Budapest), capital of Hungary, on Danube. It is secured in a do-it-yourself administrative and territorial unit. An administrative centre medje Pesht. The population 2 million person (1992). A large traffic centre of country. An international airport. A machine industry (instrumentation technologies, electrotechnical, transport, a tractor construction); textile, chemical, pharmacological, rubber, sewing, polygraphic, a flavoring industry. Underground railway. University. Hungarian AN, the Musical academy. A museum of fine arts, the Hungarian national passageway, a museum of a folk art and ethnography, the east - Asian art. Theatres: Opera, drama - National, to them. I.Madacha, "Vichsinhaz", operettas, etc. It is known from Roman times (Akvinkum). Will consist of 3 historically usual parts - Peshta, Budy and Obudy (it is known with 1148), consolidated in 1872 to Budapest. Since 50th of 14 century. Being - capital of the Hungarian kingdom, in 1541-1686 under an osmanli yoke, with nach. 18 century under authority Gabsburgov. With 1867 capital of the Hungarian kingdom, with 1918 - an independent state Hungary. In March 1944 it is occupied by a fascist troops, it is free by the Soviet troops (on February, 13 1945) during the Budapest operation. Residues of Roman city Akvinkuma (nowadays a museum; 1-4 centuries), strengths of 13-17 centuries. A royal palace (13-18 centuries). A national museum (19 century), parliament (1884-1904).