CRAZE, defect of a rolled or wrought metal goods (primarily steel) by the way the thin, legiblly delineated treshchinok, located along a set of the current of metal at a strain (along a fiber).

VOLOSTEL, in Russian principalities (since 11 century) and in Russian state (up to it is grey. 16 century) a face heading volost and executed administrative, financial and judicial functions.

VOLOST BOARD, organ of aboriginal country self-management in Russia 2-nd floor. 19 - nach. 20 centuries. Comprised from volost foremen, village wardens and other officials, izbiravshihsja a volost tails.

The VOLOST FOREMAN, in Russia the elective official of village steering. Headed a volost tails. It was elected on 3 years by a tails, affirmed the consiliator, then zemskim the chief. Had an administrative - police authority.

VOLOST COURT, elective judicial country organ for an analysis small-sized civil and criminal cases in Russia 2-nd floor. 19 - nach. 20 centuries. Could sentence to corporal punishment, the fine, the short-lived conclusion.

VOLOST TAILS, organ of aboriginal country self-management in Russia 2-nd floor. 19 - nach. 20 centuries. Comprised of elective village and volost officials and peasants - domohozjaev. Executed restricted administrative - judicial, fiscal and police functions, it was monitored by consiliators and zemskimi chiefs.

VOLOST, administrative and territorial unit of Russia. In Other. Russia - all terrain of ground (principality); polusamostojatelnyj destiny; village terrain, subject to city. With kon. 14 century - a part of district. With 1861 - unit of class country steering. It has been abolished by Administrative-territorial reform 1923-29.

HAIR, the horn derivative leathers which are generatrix a coat for mammals and the person. Contain the pigments defining their colour. Protect a body from bruises and heat wastes. The lower storey of a coat for many mammals will derivate a undergrowth of fur. For some animal (elephants, rhinoceroses) the leather almost denuded a hair. To a hair are routinely connected grease, and sometimes and sweat glands. Many mammals in the spring and have molting in the autumn. Lifetime of a hair for the person on the average 2-4 years.

HAIR VERONIKI (an armour. Coma Berenices), mia maid of Boreal hemisphere; in Hair Veroniki there is visible to a naked eye a dissipated sidereal clump.

HAIR MITES, set of mites of order akariformnyh. Length of 0,1-0,7 mm. Stomatic organs adapted to affixion to a hair of an animal - host. 300 kinds. Parasitize in a mammalian hair fiber. Can invoke chesotkopodobnoe an irritation of a leather.

VOLOTOVO, village bliz Novgorod; in Volotovo a given away monument of Russian art - church of assumption of the Birth-Giver of God (1352, paintings between 1363 and 1390). An one-headed cubic temple with two frame ledges; it eroded by german aggressors, it is recovered (after 1964), including paintings.

VOLOF (uolof), people in Senegal (4,1 million person). Mali live also in Mauritania, Gambia, etc. The Aggregate number 4,36 million person (1992). Tongue volof. Moslems - sunnity believing main.

VOLOF, falls into zapadnoatlanticheskim to tongues. Writing on the basis of the latin alphabet.

VOLOHI (vlahi), an east - Romanesque nationality, ancestors of the modern Moldavians and the Romanian.

VOLOHONSKY Anri Girshevich (r. 1936), the Russian writer. With 1973 in emigration in Israel, then in Germany. To verses (collections of "Poem", 1983, " Writing-book Igrejny ", 1984) and prose (the novel "Novel - pokojnichek", 1982) are peculiar irony, a block type and parodijnost. Books " the Skin bubna ", "Form" (both 1986), etc.

VOLOCHAEVKA, a depot ok. Khabarovsk (nowadays urban settlement Âîëî÷àåâêà-2; 2,1 thousand inhabitants in 1991). 5-12.2.1922, during the Civil war, about Volochaevki the National - revolutionary army of Far East republic (the commanding V.K.Blucher) has broken through defensive items of a White Guard troops then has taken possession of Khabarovsk (on February, 14).

DRAGGING, stretching out of rolled or pressed metal preparations circular or a shaped section (primarily it is pebble, rolled wires, pipes) through an aperture portages for reduction of their lateral section or collimating by him more down sizes and a smooth surface.

DUAL-CHAIN DRAWBENCH, the machine for machining metals by a dragging. Will consist from portages and the withdrawal-roll facility. Distinguish mills with a rectilinear movement of metal and with winding metal (drum).

VOLOCHISK, city (with 1970) on Ukraine, Khmelnitskiy region, on r. Zbruch. A depot. 25,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). A machine industry, alimentary, a light industry.

VOLOCHNAJA POMERA, measurement and repartition of grounds in the Great principality Lithuanian on " the Charter on portages " (1557). Has strengthened feudal operation.