FUNNELS (house martin), a bird of a set of swallows. Length ok. 13 see In Eurasia, the Sowing. To Africa. Exterminates destructive insects.

VORONSKY Alexander Konstantinovich (1884-1937), the Russian critic, the writer. The editor of the log-book " the Red virgin soil " (1921-27). In articles about the Soviet literature (collections " Art to see the world ", 1928, " Literary portraits ", t. 1-2, 1928-29) settled realism, classical traditions; accented a role of intuition in art creativity. The autobiographical story " Behind alive and dead water " (1927), "Bursa" (1933). It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.

VORONTSOV Alexander Romanovich (1741-1805), columns, the Russian statesman and the diplomat. In 1762-64 minister plenipotentiary in England, in 1764-68 in Holland, in 1773-94 president of Kommerts-board, in 1802-04 chancellor.

VORONTSOV Vasily Pavlovich (1847-1918), the Russian economist, the sociologist, one of ideologists of liberal populists 80-90-Õ of 19 century. Opposed Russian marksistov.

VORONTSOV Michael Illarionovich (1714-1767), columns, the Russian statesman and the diplomat. In 1741 participant of palace tumble and arrest pravitelnitsy Annas Leopoldovny. With 1744 vice-chancellor, in 1758-62 chancellor.

VORONTSOV Michael Semenovich (1782-1856), the Russian statesman, general - field marshal (1856), svetlejshy prince, the honorary member Petersburg AN (1826). In 1823-44 Novorossisk and bessarabsky the general - governor. Promoted economic development of an edge. In 1844-54 viceroy on Caucasus.

VORONTSOV Seeds Romanovich (1744-1832), columns (1797), the Russian diplomat. With 1782 minister plenipotentiary in Venice, in 1784-1806 in the London.

VORONTSOV Feodor (Demid) Semenovich (? - 1546), boyar, with 1543 actual governor of the Russian state at Ivan IV. Actuated extirpation with Kazan hanstvom. It is accused of change. It is executed.

VORONTSOV July Mihajlovich (r. 1929), the Russian diplomat. With 1952 on diplomatic activity. About 1977 salting of the USSR in India, with 1983 - in France. With 1986 1-st deputy minister of foreign businesses of the USSR, in 1988-89 simultaneously a salting of the USSR in Afghanistan. With 1990 resident representative of the USSR at the United Nations. About 1994 salting of the Russian Federation in the USA.

VORONTSOV-VELJAMINOV Boris Aleksandrovich (1904-94), the Russian astronomer, the professor (1934), the member the correspondent of NPA of the USSR (1940). Has proved existence of the interstellar medium absorptive a starlight (together with R.Tramplerom, 1930), rotation of nucleus of comets (1930), has offered methods of definition of distances up to epicyclic fogs and temperature of their nucleus (1933), has discovered 1200 systems of interacting galaxies (after 1958). Has executed detail morphological study of galaxies (1960th). The writer of many monographies and tutorials on astronomy.

VORONTSOV-DASHKOV Illarion Ivanovich (1837-1916), columns, the Russian statesman, the general from a cavalry (1880), general - aide-de-camp (1875). In 1881-97 minister for an imperial yard and destinies, one of organizers of " the Sacred team ". In 1905-15 viceroy on Caucasus. In 1914-15 commander-in-chief the Caucasian front.

The CROWS, two close kinds of birds of a set voronovyh - grey and black crows. Length up to 56 see In Europe, Asia (except for JUzh. And JUgo-Vost.) and Severo-Vost. To Africa. Are capable to the composite forms of conduct.

VORONKO Platon Nikitovich (1913-88), the Ukrainian poet. Collections of verses " Karpatsky road " (1944), " dear friends " (1959), " In the name of thy will " (1974), "Rapids" (1983), verses for children. The state premium of the USSR (1951).

CROWN AND RAVENS, the river on Kola p-ove. 155 kms, the area of basin 9940 êì2. Average discharge of water 114 m3 / with. Escapes from Lovozera, runs in Barentsevo m. Thresholds and cataracts. On r. A crown and ravens - Serebrjanskoe, water reservoirs Padunskoe.

VOROPAYEV Grigory Vasiljevich (r. 1932), the Russian hydrobroad gully, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1976). Transactionses on meliorative hydrology and water resources management.

GATE, the elementary hoisting machine consisting of a drum hand-operated and a chain cable or a circuit, wound.

GATE... 1) fine-bored mountain pass or waist of a river valley with high abrupt downslopes (napr., the Iron Gate on Danube).... 2) the Short marine channel (napr., Kara straits).

VOROTAN (Bargjushad), the river to Transcaucasia, the left-handed in-leak of Araks. 178 kms, the area of basin 5650 êì2. A coordinated hydroelectric system. It is used for an irrigation.

COLLARS Vitaly Ivanovich (r. 1926), the Russian political figure, the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1986). With 1975 1-st vice-president of Council of Ministers of RSFSR. About 1979 salting of the USSR in Republic Cuba. With 1983 chairman Council of Ministers of RSFSR. In 1988-90 chairman of Presidium VS of RSFSR. The member of the Political bureau of a Central Committee of the CPSU in 1983-90.