CROW, the adaptation by the way a solid hook or the well "crane", used in an antiquity for destruction of fortifications, transplantations to walls of strength of armed soldiers and at boarding the ships.

CROW, a bird of a set voronovyh. Length up to 70 see. A beak solid, legs and all plumage black. In Eurasia, the Sowing. To America, the Sowing. To Africa.

CROW, the river in the European part of the Russian Federation, dextral in-leak Hopra. 454 kms, the area of basin of 13,2 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water 41,5 m3 / with.

VORONEZH, city in the Russian Federation, the centre of the Voronezh region, on r. Voronezh. A railway junction. 902 thousand inhabitants (1992). A machine industry (rigs, airplanes, excavators, items of a radio electronic industry, etc.), chemical and himiko-pharmaceutical, wood-working, alimentary, a light industry. 9 high schools (including university), 4 theatres. Museums: art, study of local lore, fine arts; the Dwelling - museum of poets I.S.Nikitin and A.V.Koltsov. I.A.Bunin Rhodinum, A.P.Platonova. It is based in 1585 as strength.

VORONEZH, the river in the European part of the Russian Federation, the left-handed in-leak of Don. It will be derivated by interflow Wood and Polnogo Voronezh. 342 kms, the area of basin of 21,6 thousand êì2. It is navigable on 271 kms from a mouth. Water reservoir, Lipetsk.

The VORONEZH RANGE, in the Russian Federation. 52,4 thousand êì2. The population of 2475 thousand person (1992), urban 62 %. 15 cities, 22 urban settlements (1991.) Center - Voronezh. A surface flat; in the west - Central Russian vozv. Mean temperatures of January-9 °S, July 20 °S. A rainfall ok. 500 mm annually. The rivers a bass. Don. Voronezh and Hopersky reservations. A machine industry (machine-tool construction, radio electronic, an aircraft industry, an agricultural machine industry, etc.), chemical (synthetic rubber, splints, etc.), himiko-pharmaceutical, alimentary, a light industry. Novovoronezhskaja atomic power station. Crops of wheat, neigh, barley, corn, a buckwheat, sugar-beet, sunflower. A potato growing. A vegetable raising. A fruit growing. Cultivate a large horned stock, pigs, ovets; a breeding horse - breeding.

VORONEZH TJAZHELOUPRJAZHNAJA the HORSE, aboriginal, is introduced and gets divorced in the Voronezh region. Animal large, hardy, unpretentious, serviceable.

VORONEZH " CROWDED TUMULUSES ", the Scythian burial (41 dike) for Voronezh. Burials in wooden chambers under tumuluses with implements, weapons, etc.

The VORONEZH RESERVATION, biosphere on border of the Voronezh and Lipetsk region, on a watershed of the rivers Voronezh and Usman. It is based in 1927. The area 31053 ga. Bohrs, oak - groves, alder forests. Indigenous colony of beavers, deers; a grey crane, nejasyt, etc.

The VORONEZH RUSSIAN NATIONAL CHORUS, is built in 1942. The first chief (up to 1964) - K.I.Massalitinov. With 1987 academic.

The VORONEZH CROSS-OVER of members " the Earth and will " (19 participants; 18-21.6.1879), has made a decision about change of the program of organization. The point on a political struggle and a terror is included. The temporary compromise between "policies" è "derevenshchikami" has not prevented split which has taken place in August 1879.

The VORONEZH OPERA AND BALLET THEATRE, is open in 1961 as the Musical theatre (on the basis built in 1931 Theatres of the musical comedy), about 1968 modern title.

The VORONEZH UNIVERSITY, is based in 1918. Plots experts on physical and mathematical, biological, chemical, geologo-geographycal sciences, histories, philologies, to economy, the right. In 1990 ok. 13 thousand students.

VORONEL Nina Abramovna (r. 1932), the Russian writer. With 1974 in emigration in Israel. It began to be published as perevodchitsa and the writer of stories for children (collections: "Crossroad", 1965, "Alarm", 1967). In the dramatic art figuring the Soviet real 1960 - nach. 70th, put actual political problems. Collections of plays: " Ashes and ash " (1977), " Six eight - magpies eight " (1987), " the Cashier of eternity " (1987), etc.

BURNISHING, obtaining thermal or chemical treatment on a surface of steel or cast-iron items of the decorative (brown, deep blue, black) or a blanket of iron oxides (0,004-2,5 microns). A version of oxygenating.

VORONIN Alexander Mihajlovich (r. 1937), the Russian biologist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1994). The main probes on genetics of microorganisms. Activities on biotechnological methods of environmental protection.

VORONIN Vladimir Ivanovich (1890-1952), the Russian captain of icebreaking fleet. The participant of salvage of expedition U.Nobile (1928). Captain "Sibirjakova" (1932), "CHeljuskina" (1933-34), icebreaker " Åðìàê " (1934-38). Headed the Soviet whaling flotilla "Glory" (1946-47).

VORONIN Grigory Ivanovich (1906-87), the Russian scientist, the expert in range of a kriogenno-vacuum technology and an air handling, Dr.Sci.Tech. (1951), the honored worker of science and technique of RSFSR (1967), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1961). In 1939-85 - the chief designer. Under his guiding air conditioning systems for pressure maintenance, temperature, humidity and purity of air in cabins of flight vehicles are built. The lenin premium (1966), the State premium of the USSR (1949, 1952).