CURATE (from an armour. vicarius - the deputy, the viceroy), in an orthodox church the deputy of diocesan, diocesan without archdiocese. In Protestant church - the mate of the priest.

VIKENTY LERINSKY (Vincentius Lirinensis) (mind. ok. 450), the Christian ecclesiastical writer, the outlet box on island Lerin. In the composition " the First admonition, or the tract in protection ancient and ecumenical kafolicheskoj belief against all godless heretical innovations " was formulated with criterion of a truth of the church legend: " in what all believed everywhere, always, ". Memory in the Latin church on May, 24.

"VIKING" (Viking), the American automatic orbitalno-landing station for probes of Mars. Will consist of the orbital unit effecting probes from an areocentric orbit (an orbit around of Mars), and the landing unit committing mild planting to a surface of Mars. In 1975 2 stations " Vikings - 1 " è "Viking - 2" which landing units have reached Mars in 1976 are started and for the first time have transmitted the phototelevision plotting of his surface.

VIKINGS (dr .-ñêàíä.), Scandinavians - participants marine trading - grabitelnyh and aggressive marchings in kon. 8 - it is grey. 11 centuries in countries of Europe. In Russia them called as variags, and Zap. To Europe - Normen. In 9 century have trapped North-east England, in 10 century - the Sowing. France (Normandy). Have reached the Sowing. America.

VIKKERSA the METHOD, hardness test matallov indentation in a test-piece of a diamond pyramid. Vickers hardness is underlined in terms of HV (Hardness Vickers). The title from English military-industrial concern " Âèêêåðñ ".

VIKLIF Dzh., see Uiklif Dzh.

VIKO (Vico) Dzhambattista (1668-1744), the italian philosopher, one of founders of historicism. Historical process, on Viko, has objective and providentsialnyj (see. Providentsializm) character; all nations develop on the cycles consisting of 3 epoch: heavenly (bezgosudarstvennoe a condition, subordination to sacrificers), heroic (the aristocratic state) and human (democratic republic or a representative monarchy). The main composition " the Groundings of new science about a general nature of the nations " (1725).

VISCOUNT (frants. vicomte), a nobiliary title in countries Zap. Europe.

VIKRAM (Wickram) Jorg (ok. 1505 - îê.1562), the german prose writer and the poet - mejsterzinger. The writer of burgher instructive novels of an antifeudal directivity " the Golden filament " and " Zertsalo youthes " (both 1554), the collection shvankov and stories " Road knizhechka " (1555).

VIKS (Vix), village about one . SHatijon (France) where (1953) burial of priestess (a boundary of 6-5 centuries up to n is open. e.) in a chariot placed at a tomb under a tumulus, with affluent stock, antique vessels, etc.

VIKSELL (Wicksell) the Whip (1851-1926), the Swedish economist. Transactionses on problems of the finance, the credit, monetary circulation and a business cycle. Attempted to bridge limiting utility the theory to the theory of the prices of mathematical school. The adherent neomaltuzianskoj concepts.

VIKSTREM Uljams Karlovich (1910-77), the Karelian writer. Wrote in the Finnish tongue. Historical novels " Forwards, people labour! " (new edition, hours 1-3, 1957-65), " Suomi on fire " (1968) about revolutionary events 1918 in Finland, stories "Tojska" (1967), " Among kind people " (1978). Stories.

VICTOR Korinfsky (mind. 251 or 258), the Christian martyr, postradavshchy in Corinth in persecution of emperor Detsija; the pupil of martyr Kodrata. Memory in the Orthodox church on January, 31 (on February, 13) and on March, 10.

VICTOR EMMANUEL II (Vittorio Emanuele) (1820-78), king of the Sardinian kingdom in 1849-61 and 1-st king of consolidated Italy with 1861. In season Risordzhimento sustained liberals (Kavura, etc.) and struggled with respublikansko-democratic camp, but at the same time aspired to use popularity and military victories Dzh. Garibaldi in the dynastic purposes.

VICTOR EMMANUEL III (1869-1947), the last (1900-46) king of Italy.

VIKTORENKO Alexander Stepanovich (r. 1947), the Russian astronaut, a pilot - astronaut of the USSR (1987), the Hero of Soviet Union (1987). Flights on " Soyuz TM-2,-3 " and an orbital complex "World" (July 1987), " Soyuz TM-8 " and an orbital complex "World" (September 1989 - February 1990) and " Soyuz TM-14,-15 and an orbital complex "World" (March - August 1992).

"VIKTORIANTSY" ("Victorians"), a name title of figures of the English crop within reign of queen Victoria (1837-1901).

VICTORIA GROUND (Victoria Land), a part of terrain Vost. Antarctica, between 142 ° and 170 °v. d. A western part - mountain (up to 4023 ì), eastern - a glacial plateau (up to 2500 ì); power of ice over 2500 m. It is open in 1841 English expedition Dzh. K.Rossa also is called by name the English queen.

PANEL GAMES Corinthian (mind. 251 or 258), the Christian martyr damaged in Corinth in persecution of emperor Detsija; the pupil of martyr Kodrata. Memory in the Orthodox church on January, 31 (on February, 13) and on March, 10.