VILLARI EFFECT (magnetoelastic effect), open by italian physicist E.Villari (E. Villari; 1865) the phenomena of change of a magnetization of a body at his strain (effect, revertive magnetostrictions). Villari the effect is stipulated by change under action of mechanic pressure of a domain structure of the ferromagnetic substance defining his magnetization (see. Domains ferromagnetic).

VILLAFRANKSKOE ARMISTICE 1859, is encased in Villafranke (the Sowing. Italy) between France and Austria, it is separate from the Sardinian kingdom - the ally of France on avstro-italo-frantsuzskoj to war 1859. On Villafrankskomu to armistice only Lombardy was transmitted to the Sardinian kingdom, and Venice remained under the Austrian domination. It is made fast by Zurich agreements 1859.

VILLEVALDE Bogdan Pavlovich (1818-1903), the Russian painter. The representative of official academic art; wrote effective battle patterns.

WILLEMITE, mineral of subclass of nesosilicates, Zn2 [SiO4]. Impurity Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg. Units of needles, solid, acinose masses. Hardness 5,5; firmness ok. 4,2 g / sm3. Kontaktovo-metasomatichesky hydrothermal; often hypergenic. In major clumps - ore Zn. Diaphanous yellow willemites - precious stones. Synthetic willemites - luminophores.

WILLEMSTAD (Willemstad), city and a port on about. Curacao, an administrative centre of the Netherlands Antilles islands (possession of Netherlands). 125 thousand inhabitants (1985). Petroleum refining (from Venezuela).

VILLIBRORD (Willibrord) (658-739), the benedictine outlet box and the missionary, with 695 diocesan in a Utrecht. Christianisation is connected to his name frankskoj Frislandii. Memory in the Latin church on November, 7.

VILLIE (Wylie) Jacob Vasiljevich (1768-1854), the Russian military doctor. By origin the Scot, with 1790 in Russia. The main military-medical inspector (1806-54), the president of the Petersburg medicochirurgical academy (1808-38), the honorary member Petersburg AN (1814). The participant of Domestic war 1812. The founder (1823) of " the Military-medical log-book ".

VILLIZY (Uillis) (Willis) Thomas (1621-1675), the English anatomist and the doctor. Transactionses on anatomy and physiologies of a brain and his vessels. First has described arteries of the grounding of a brain.

VILLIH (Willich) August (1810-78), the chapter of a fraction in Soyuz of communists, one of initiators of his split, the Prussian officer in demission. In time Badensko-Pfaltsskogo of revolt 1849 commander of order of volunteers; in the Civil war in the USA 1861-65 brigade general of northerners.

VILLOBI X., see Uillobi X.

VILOROG (vilorogaja an antelope), a ruminant animal of an archiodactyla. A unique kind of a set vilorogov. Length up to 1,3 m, an altitude of 0,8-1 m. of 5 subspecies in steppes the Sowing. America. Was object of a craft (meat, a skin). It is small. 2 subspecies in the Red Data Book of the International union of nature protection and natural resources.

THYMIC GLAND (a thumus, a thymus gland), a central organ of immune system of vertebrates. For the majority of mammals it is located in range of a forward mediastinum. It is well developed in pullet age. Participates in formation of immunity (produces T lymphocytes), in a regulation of growth and general development of an organism.

VILSANDI (Vilsandi, Vilsandi), group of islands of Baltic m. and a northwest shore about. Saaremaa, in Estonia. The area 10689 ga, including aquatory 9400 ga. With 1910 was ornithological reservation (islands Vajka and Vilsandi). St. 200 kinds of birds, including an eider, the gray goose, a swan - mute swan, the Scandinavian mountain pipit.

WILT (from English wilt - to wilt), a blight called by parasitic fungi. The cotton wilt is most nocuous. The vascular system is struck, plants wither and, as a rule, perish.

VILTSINJA (Vilcina) Velta (Ausma) (r. 1928), the Latvian actress of ballet, the national actress of the USSR (1965). In 1949-73 in National opera of Latvia, about 1968 teacher - tutor in the same place.

VILY (samovily, divines, self-divines), fancy women entities in convictions of austral slavs, similar to the mermaid. The beautiful girls, capable to fly and the bound with water.

WILHELM I ORANSKY (Willem van Oranje) (Wilhelm Nassausky) (1533-84), prince, the figure of the Netherlands revolution, the leader of antispanish nobiliary opposition. It is killed by the spanish agent.

WILHELM I (Willem) (Willem) Frederik (1772-1843), king of Netherlands in 1815-40 (up to 1830 - a gollandsko-Belgian Netherlands kingdom), great duke of Luxembourg; from Oransko-Nassauskoj dynasties. Attempted to suppress Belgian revolution 1830, up to 1839 did not recognize independence of Belgium.