FROND (from grech. baion - a palm branch), leaves of ferns.

VAJJAN-KUTJURE Pol (1892-1937), the French writer. The collection of stories " the Dancing party blind " (1927), the autobiographical book "Childhood" (it is published 1938). The book " On a service of reason " (1937).

VAK, see. The maximum attestative committee.

VACANCY, one of kinds of structural defects of a crystal lattice - point of the lattice in which there is an atom or an ion (vakansionnyj a unit).

VACANCY (from an armour. vacans - empty, loose), the unreplaced position in establishment, an educational institution.

VAKASHSKIE TONGUES, group of affine tongues of American Indian peoples vakashi. Actuates tongues nutka and kvakiutl, etc. Enters in mosanskuju the group of tongues representing possible branch algonkino-vakashskoj of macrofamily.

WAKAYAMA, city and port in Japan (about. Honshu), an administrative centre of prefecture Wakayama. 396 thousand inhabitants (1992). A chemical, oil refining and textile industry. Iron and steel industry, a machine industry. A rayon industry, lacquered items. Center of area of a gardening.

VAKENBUH (from vakus and a nem. Buch - the book), a list of peasant farms and their feudal services in Estonia and Latvia 14-19 centuries.

VAKSMAN (Waksman) Zelman (1888-1973), the American microbiologist. For the first time has secured a number of antibiotics. In 1944 has discovered a streptomycine. The Nobel Prize (1952).

VACUOLES (frants. vacuole, from an armour. vacuus - empty), cavities in animal and plant cells or unicells. Distinguish alimentiry and sokratitelnye (pulsing) vacuoles regulating an osmotic pressure and employees for breeding from an organism of decomposition product.

VAKUS (est. vakus), 1) an administrative and territorial unit in Middle Ages for estov and livov (10-100 peasant farms). 2) Collection of peasants - dvorohozjaev in Baltic till 17 century (1-5 yearly) for payment of a tax, fulfilment of natural duties and court.

AIR VOID in a quantum theory of a field, the lowest energy state of a quantum field. The average of particles - field quantums - in vakkume is equal to zero, however in vacuo there can be a birth of virtual particles which influence physical processes (that is revealed experimentally).

AIR VOID (from an armour. vacuum - vacuum), a condition of gas at pressures p, lower, than atmospheric. Distinguish a rough vacuum (in vacuum devices and installations to him there corresponds range of pressures p above 100 Pa), mean (0,1 Pa

VACUUM OPERATION, removal (suction) of gas, fallow from apparatuses (vessels) with the purpose of obtaining in them subatmospheric pressures.

VACUUM OPERATION of CONCRETE, removal (suction) from a dense concrete mix in a casing exuberant (over necessary for a hydration of cement) waters, and also air. Allows to increase toughness, frost resistance of concrete, gear ups process of his concreting.

The VACUUM GAUGE (from air void and... Meter), a gauge meter of subatmospheric pressure. Are distributed liquid, ionization, thermal, etc. vacuum gauges.

The VACUUM FURNACE, ministers for heating and swim pants of metal in vacuo. Distinguish the arc, inductive, cathode-ray and plasma vacuum furnaces. Allows to clear efficiently metal of gases, impurity, nonmetallics. Apply to obtaining metal and special high-duty alloys.

The VACUUM PUMP, ministers for removal (roll-out) of gases or steams from selfcontained volume (system) with the purpose of obtaining in a nem of air void. The main phylums of vacuum pumps: mechanic, jet, sorption, cryogenic.