GALL TONGUE, see. Oromo tongue.

GALLAJ Mark Lazarevich (r. 1914), the Russian pilot. The deserved pilot - verifier of the USSR (1959), the colonel, the Hero of Soviet Union (1957), Dr.Sci.Tech., the writer. Tests of the first Soviet reactive fighters, long-distance bombers (including reactive strategic), helicopters, etc. Flutter tests; are described in documentary products " Through invisible barriers " (1960), " It is tested in the root " (1963), etc.

GALLAN (Galland) Antoine (1646-1715), the French writer. His transfer of the collection of fairy tales " One thousand and one night " (t. 1-12, 1704-1712) has made this monument of literature known in Europe.

GALLAHER (Gallacher) William (1881-1965), president KP of Great Britain (KPV) in 1956-63; the chairman of Executive committee KPV in 1943-56. Within 1-st world war the chief of motion of factory wardens.

GALL (Hull) (Halle), city in Germany, ground Saxony - Anhalt. 303 thousand inhabitants (1992). A machine industry, chemical, polygraphic, sewing, a food-processing industry. University. Academy of natural sciences. G.F.Handel dwelling - museum (was born in Halle). Clasp Moritsburg (1484-1503), churches of 14-16 centuries.

GALL, city and a port in Sri Lanka. St. 100 thousand inhabitants. Fishery. A thorough revision of agricultural raw material.

GALL (named the creator, the French artist 19 - nach. 20 centuries. E.Galle, E. Galle), items from a non-transparent compound glass with relief vegetative and landscape motives; decoras it is executed by a thread with removal of several layers of a glass around of a pattern.

GALL (Galle) Iogann Gottfried (1812-1910), the german astronomer. The main transactionses on probes of comets and meteors. Has updated a solar paralax on supervision of asteroids, has discovered 3 comets, has found Neptune on the coordinates calculated by U.Leverje (1846).

GALLEJ (Halley) (Halley) Edmund (1656-1742), the English astronomer and a geophysics. Has constituted the first check list of asters of the Austral root, has discovered proper motion of asters (1718). Has calculated orbits over 20 comets. Has predicted time of new occurrence (1758) comets 1682 (t. n. Comets Galleja), having proved availability of periodic comets. Probeed a terrestrial magnetism.

GALLEN-KALLELA (Gallen-Kallela) Akseli (1865-1931), the Finnish painter and the schedule. The inclement realism of patterns of the Finnish national life (" the First lesson ", 1889), heroic of modes of epos "Kalevala" (a triptych " the Legend about Ajno ", 1891) combined with symbolics and a stylization spirit of style "modernist style".

GALLER (Haller) the Alben (1849-1925), French chemists - organics, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1912). Transactionses on organic synthesis. Has developed a way of synthesis of amides of carboxylic acids. Synthesized (1891) baras camphor and a menthol (1905).

GALLER (Haller) (Haller) Albrecht a background (1708-77), the Swiss scientist, the doctor and the poet (wrote in German), one of founders of experimental physiology, the foreign honorary member Petersburg AN (1776). The writer of the classical book " Elements of physiology... " (t. 1-8, 1757-1766). Transactionses on anatomy, an embryology, botany, surgery. Opposed theories of an epigenesis in protection of a preformation. Descriptively - didactic ("Alpes"), philosophical (" About an origin of evil ") poems, verses.

GALLER Lion Mihajlovich (1883-1950), admiral (1940). The participant of 1-st world war. In the Civil war the commander of a destroyer, a cruiser, a battleship. In 1932-36 commanded Baltic fleet, with 1938 chief of Main marine headquarters, with 1940 deputy narkoma a VTR on naval architecture. It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.

GALLEJA the COMET, is called named E.Galleja who has predicted its recurring in 1758 and that proved, that she is a member of the Solar system. Cycle time of comet Galleja ok. 76 flying. At the alternate rendezvous with the Sun (up to 0,587 and. e. 9.2.1986) comet Galleja is scalenely investigated by two Soviet interplanetary probes " Âåãà-1 " (6.3.1986, minimum distance of 8,9 thousand in km) and "Âåãà-2" (9.3.1986, 8 thousand in km), and also space vehicles: Western-European "Dzhotto" (14.3.1986, ok. 600 kms) and to two Japanese, flown by on March, 8 and 11 at a great distance from a comet.

GALLI-BIBBIENA (Galli-Bibbiena), family of italian theatrical artists and architects: 1) Ferdinando (1657-1743), the theatrical artist of Baroque, applied sharp offsets of the points of view, illjuzionisticheskie regional effects; 2) Franchesko (1659-1739), brother Ferdinando. Sons Ferdinando - Alessandro (1687 - up to 1769), Dzhuzeppe (1696-1756), (1700-74) and grandson Ferdinando - Karlo (1725-87) worked Antonio in Italy, Germany and Austria.

GALLIEN (Gallienus) (218-268), Roman emperor with 253 (up to 260 sopravitel the father Valeriana). It is killed during rebelion military znati, dissatisfied by discharge of senators from the maximum military positions.

GALLIC (an armour. Gallium), Ga, a chemical element of III group of a periodic system, atomic number 31, atomic weight 69,723. It is called from Gallia - the latin title of France. Siver-white fusible (tïë 29,77 °S) metal; firmness (g / sm3) of solid metal 5,904, fluid 6,095; têèï2205 °S. On air chemical racks. In a nature it is absent-minded, meets together with Al. Apply basically (on 97 %) in manufacture of semiconductive materials (GaAs, GaSb, GaP, GaN).

GALLIKANSTVO (from an armour. gallicanus - gallic, i.e. French), religious - political motion (since 13 century) which adherents achieved an autonomy, the greater independence of the French latin church of the papacy. Ideas gallikanstva have found reflectance in performances of the French diocesans on 2-nd Vatican cathedral 1962-65.

GALLI-KURCHI (Galli-Curci) Amelita (1882-1963), the italian singer (a coloratura soprano). With 1916 vein in the USA. Acted at many opera theatres of the world, including in Russia. In 1930-38 basically chanted in concerts. One of the best performers of consignment Roziny (" the Seville barber " Rossini).