GAVRILOV Michael Aleksandrovich (1903-79), the Russian scientist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1964). The main transactionses on a telemechanics, theories of relay devices and finite state machines.

GAVRILOV POSAD, city in the Russian Federation, Ivanovo region. A depot. 8,5 thousand inhabitants (1992). Textile and sewing factories. A stud farm (the vladimirskiy draft-type horses), etc. It is based in 16 century by Ivan Terrible.

GAVRILOV-HOLES, city (with 1938) in the Russian Federation, Yaroslavl region, on r. Kotorosl. A depot. 21,1 thousand inhabitants (1992). Lnokombinat.

GAGANOVA Valentine Ivanovna (r. 1932), prjadilshchitsa at factory Vyshnevolotskogo of cotton combine, the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1959). In 1958 has acted the initiator of motion for transition of leaders of manufacture to lagging epines.

GAGARIN (up to 1974 settlements. Erzhar), city in Uzbekistan, Dzhizak region. Depot (Irdzharskaja). 18,8 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: hlopkoochistitelnyj, concrete products. It is called named J.A.Gagarina.

GAGARIN Ivan Sergeevich (1814-82), prince, the Russian diplomat. In 1843 has kept Russia, has lodged in Paris, has transfered in a catholicism and has entered order of jesuits. Has based in Paris the Slavonic library (nowadays - in Medone).

GAGARIN Paul Pavlovich (1789-1872), prince, the Russian statesman. The participant of preparation of country reform 1861, settled interests of landlords. In 1864-72 chairman of the cabinet council, in 1864-65 simultaneously the chairman of the Council of state.

GAGARIN Jury Alekseevich (1934-68), the Russian astronaut, a pilot - astronaut of the USSR (1961), the colonel, the Hero of Soviet Union (1961.) on April, 12 1961 for the first time in a history of mankind has committed flight in cosmos on spacecraft " Orient ". Participat in education and training of crews of astronauts. Has perished during practice flight on an airplane. A name of Gagarin educational institutions have, streets and the areas of many cities of the world, etc. The Name of Gagarin calls a crater on a underside of moon.

GAGARINSKAJA PARKING, epoch of a serotinal paleolith, for a seconds. Gagarino (the Russian Federation, Lipetsk region). Residues of home units, stone and bone instruments, bone figures of women.

GAGARINSKY Jury Vladimirovich (1915-76), the chemist - neorganik, corresponding member AN the USSR (1970). Probeed crystalline structure of inorganic compounds and thermodynamic properties of connections of uranium.

GAGATE (from grech. gagates - a black amber), a viscous version of mineral coal. Hardness 3-3,5; firmness of 1,3-1,4 g / sm3. Meets by the way clumps in layers of coal. It is well glazed. An ornamental stone.

GAGAUZSKY TONGUE, falls into to Turkic tongues (oguzskaja group). Writing on the basis of the Russian alphabet.

GAGAUZY, people in Moldova (153 thousand person) and on Ukraine (32 thousand person, 1992); live also in the Russian Federation (ok. 10 thousand person), Bulgaria, Romania, Greece and Turkey. An aggregate number of 220 thousand person (1992). Tongue gagauzsky. Believers - orthodox.

EIDERS, a stem of birds of a set utinyh. 4 kinds. Length of a dace eider ok. 63 see. In a north of Eurasia and America, on a shore and islands. The down is thought much. Habitats - on Barentsovom, White and Baltic m., are guarded in special reservations; the hunt is forbidden.