GELLERT (Gellert) Endre (1914-60), the Hungarian producer. On the scene with 1936. With 1945 at National theatre. The founder of the Hungarian realistic school of direction.

HELLESPONT, the ancient greek title of Dardanelles.

GELLY Avl (ok. 130-180), the Roman writer. The writer of the unique encyclopaedic canopy of antique learning " Attic nights ".

GELLAS - MAN (Gell-Mann) Marri (r. 1929), the American physics - theorist. Basic researches on a quantum theory of a field and fundamental particles. Has entered (1953) concept of strangeness and has discovered the law of its conservation (irrespective of K.Nishidzhimy). Has offered a taxonomist of fundamental particles (1961), a hypothesis of quarks (1964). The Nobel Prize (1969).

GELOVANI Victor Archilovich (r. 1944), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1987). Transactionses on software of process of simulation.

GELOS (grech. Laughter), in the Grecian mythology the godhood, olitsetvorjavshee laughter.

REPUBLIC GELVETICHESKAJA, the state in 1798-1803 in terrain of the modern Switzerland, dependent on France. Has arisen after invasion of a country of a troops of the French Directory. After revolt against relation to France it is liquidated by Napoleon.

GELVETICHESKOE the SOCIETY, obshcheshvejtsarskaja organization in 1761 - 1-st floor. 19 century. Set as the purpose establishment of cultural and political communications between cantons, propagation of ideas of Enlightenment. Has played the considerable role in extirpation for liberal reforms.

GELVETY, the Celtic nation living in last eyelid up to n. e. - the beginning n. e. In a northwest part of the modern Switzerland; from here - Gelvetsija.

GELVETSY (Helvetius) Klod Adrian (1715-71), the French philosopher. Asserted, that the world is material and perpetual in time and the space, intellection and sensation - properties of a matter. At the same time considered consciousness and passions of the person in main propulsion of social development. The adherent of the doctrine about a main role of medium in formation of the personality. Proved a trial origin of moral submissions, their condition interests of the individual. The main compositions: " About mind " (1758), " About the person " (1773, posthumously).

GELVETSIJA (Helvetia), the latin title (from gelvetov) Switzerland; it is used on postage stamps.

HELVINUM, mineral, berillosilikat subclass of tectosilicates, 3Ìn [BeSiO4] ·MnS. Unavoidable impurities Fe and Zn. Crystals, acinose units. Hardness 5,5-6,5; firmness of 3,2-3,5 g / sm3. Meets in grejzenah, skarnah, pegmatitah, in polevoshpatovyh metasomatitah. Ore of beryllium.

HELGOLAND (Helgoland), an island in Boreal m., terrain of Germany. The area 0,9 êì2. An altitude up to 56 m.

GELD Paul Vladimirovich (1911-93), Russian fizikohimik, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1970). The main transactionses on pirometallurgicheskim to processes. The state premium of the USSR (1982).

GELDERLIN (Holderlin) Fridrih (1770-1843), the german poet - romantik. In ekspressivnyh lyrical verses, odes and hymns - belief in a completeness of zoetic self-implementation, in a capability of spiritual and social harmony (brotherhood of mankind) which pre-image for Gelderlina light world Ellady was; antheming of beauty and majesty of " spirit of a nature " and tendency to interflow to her. In the novel "Hyperion" (1797-99) - motives of disappointment, tragic element of dissonance with an ideal, the world and self. Philosophical tragedy " Mors Empedokla " (1798-99) about heroic loneliness of the philosopher. With 1804 suffered affliction a heavy mental derangement (in 1806 it is placed at a psychiatric hospital).

GELDEROD (Ghelderode) Michel de (1898-1962), the Belgian playwright (wrote in French). In plays in style of exhibition theatre " Mors of doctor Faust " (1926), "Barabbas" (1932), " Red magic " (1935), " Fars about mrachnetsah " (1941) - accusation of social faults, tragic element of life and belief in salutariness of traditional morals. Collections of short stories " the Devout camp " (1922), "Magical" (1941).

GELSENKIRCHEN (Gelsenkirchen), city in Germany, ground the Sowing. Rhine - Vestfalija. 294 thousand inhabitants (1992). A port on r. Emsher and the channel Rhine - Herne. A machine industry, oil refining, metallurgical, coal-mining, nitric, glass, a tailoring industry.

GELMAN Alexander Isaakovich (r. 1933), the Russian playwright. In ostrokonfliktnyh plays " the Minutes of one meeting ", " we underwriting " (1979), " Alone with all " (it is put 1981), "Cranky" ("Zinulja", 1984), scripts "Converse connection" (1978; the like play) - critically is exhibited an atmosphere of socialist manufacture. The state premium of the USSR (1976).

GELMAN Hristofor Ivanovich (1848-1902), the Russian microbiologist and the epizootologist. Simultaneously from O.Kalningom and irrespective of him has received a mallein (1891), irrespective of R.Kokh has received a tuberculine (1888).