The HEMPEL (Hempel) Charles Gustav (r. 1905), the nemetsko-American philosopher of science, the participant Austrian a mug. With 1937 in the USA. Developed the program neopozitivizma and formal models of methods and procedures of science. Activities on logic problems of a theory of probabilities, and also about a nature of historical laws.

HEMERYTHRIN, ferruginous protein; a respiratory pigment of some marine Invertebrata animal, the ensuring transport of oxygen.

GENE (from grech. genos - a stem, an origin) (hereditary factor), unit of a hereditary material which is responsible for formation of any unit character. For higher organisms (eukariot) is part of chromosomes. Set of all genes of an organism compounds his genetic constitution - a genotype. Discrete hereditary disposition have been open in 1865 G.Mendel; in 1909 V.Iogansen has called as their genes. Development of molecular genetics has reduced in deployment of a chemical nature of a genetic material and submission about a gene as about a plot of molecule DNK (for some viruses RNK) with a specific panel of nucleotides in which linear sequence the genetic information (see is ciphered. A code genetic). Each gene otvetstven for synthesis of fixed protein (a ferment or other) . Monitoring their education, genes steer all chemical changes of an organism and determine thus his attributes. Unique property of genes - combination of their high stability (permanency in a lineage) with ability to inherited changes - to mutations which are a source of genetic variability of organisms and the basis for action of a natural selection.

GENE Ervin-Victor Juljevich (1884-1937), the Russian microbiologist, the doctor of medicine (1929), the professor (1932). By origin the German. Transactionses are dedicated a choleroid vibrio, an active immunization against a diphtheria, to definition of force of antidiphtheritic and antitetanic wheys, use of a bacteriological method for a sanitarian assessment of water. In 1937 it is repressed, rehabilitated posthumously.

GENE Ervin-Victor Juljevich (1884-1937), the Russian microbiologist, the doctor of medicine (1929), the professor (1932). By origin the German. Transactionses are dedicated a choleroid vibrio, an active immunization against a diphtheria, to definition of force of antidiphtheritic and antitetanic wheys, use of a bacteriological method for a sanitarian assessment of water. In 1937 it is repressed, rehabilitated posthumously.

... The GENE... GENIC (from grech. - genes - bearing, born), the part of the composite words meaning: descending from something or generatrix something (napr., a carcinogenic agent, cancerogenic).

GENATULIN Anatoly Jumabaevich (r. 1925), the Bashkir writer, writes in Russian. In prose (stories "Attack", 1982, " Hundred walks on war ", 1983, "Tunnel", 1987, etc.) - a theme of war with its cruelty and tragic element, the realistic plotting of front everyday lives. Books: " Rjabinovaja a mountain " (1969), "Aju-tash" (1975), " Golden washing a cradle " (1984), etc.

HANDEL (Handel) George Fridrih (1685-1759), the german composer and the organist. About poluveka worked in the London. The master of a monumental oratorio, primarily on biblical scenes (ok. 30), including "Saul", " Israel in Egypt " (both 1739), "Messiah" (1742), "Samson" (1743), " Judah the Maccabee " (1747). More than 40 operas, organnye concerts, koncherto grosso for an orchestra, tool sonatas, suites.

GENDEMIANSKY MIR, between Russia and Khivan hanstvom (24.8.1873, Garden Gendemian, a summer residence of khan). Hahn has recognized itself as the vassal of Russia, Russian merchants have received the right of a free market, in hanstve were erased servitude and rabotorgovlja.

GENDERSON (Henderson) (Henderson) Arthur (1863-1935), one of leaders of the Labour party of the Great Britain, in 1911-34 its secretary. In 1915-17 minister of state, in 1924 Minister of Internal Affairs, in 1929-31 Minister for Foreign Affairs. In 1932-33 president of the International conference on disarming. The Nobel Prize of the world (1934) for the investment in business of disarming.

GENEALOGICAL GRADING of TONGUES, see. Grading of tongues.

GENEALOGY (grech. genealogia - parentage), auxiliary historical discipline (has arisen in 17-18 centuries), investigator an origin, a history and family ties of stems and families; practical branch of knowledge, drawing up of genealogies.

... The GENESIS (from grech. genesis - an origin, originating), the part of the composite words meaning: the bound with process of education, originating (napr., a histogenesis).

GENESIS (genesis), origin, originating; in a broad sense - the moment of a germing and the consequent development which has reduced in a fixed condition, a kind, the phenomena.

"GENESIS", "Dzhenezis" (Genesis), the English rock group, is derivated in 1967. Structure: Founder Benks (keyboard), Peter Gebriel (a vocal, a flute), Mike Rezerford (the bass - gear quadrant, the gear quadrant), Fil Collins (impact, a vocal). Albums " Nursery Crime " (1971) and " Selling England By The Pound " (1973) in style hard - fate become masterpieces of world rock music. In 1974 Gebriel has abandoned group. An album with the symbolical title "... And Then There Were Three... " (Them remained three) (1978) has become "golden". In the further activities a classical hard - rokovyj style of group noticeably abbreviated and approximate to priest - fate. Most considerable of consequent programs - "Genesis" (1983). Now participants of group are occupied primarily in solo designs.

The GENERAL (from an armour. generalis - general, main), military rank (grade) in armed forces. For the first time it is entered in France into 16 century, in Russia - in 2-nd floor. 17 century; in nach. 20 century in Russian army were generals - majors, generals - lieutenants, full generals: the general from infanterii, the general from a cavalry, the general from artillery, the engineer - general; general - field marshal. In the USSR in 1940 general ranks have been established: the general - major, the general - lieutenant, the general - colonel, the general; for generals of kinds of armed forces and service arms to a rank the general (except for the general of army) the conforming name, napr was added. The general - major of artillery (with 1984 only for generals of aircraft, a medical service and justicia). In the Russian army general ranks are saved: the general - major, the general - lieutenant, the general - colonel, the general.

GENERAL - ADMIRAL, the maximum marine grade in Russia with 1708, corresponds a peavine of general - field marshal in a land forces.

GENERAL - AIDE-DE-CAMP, in 18 century in Russia aide-de-camp at emperor, field marshal, etc. With nach. 19 century the title of honour, assigned to generals (admirals), the generals - lieutenants (vice-admirals) joining in suite of emperor.

The GENERAL - ANSHEF, in Russia under the Charter the military 1716 commander-in-chief army; since 40th of 18 century on 1796 grade of the full general.

GENERAL - BASS (a numbered bass, basso kontinuo), in music - a bass voice under which notes the digits meaning consonances in the upper voices are marked. It was applied in kon. 16 - 1-st floor. 18 centuries at the notation organnogo and klavesinnogo trackings.