HYDROCEPHALUS (from gidro... And grech. kephale - a head) (a dropsy of a brain), increase of quantity of a neurolymph in a head cavity because of excessive production or difficulty of out flux. Arises primarily after prenatal, generic traumas, an encephalitis and other diseases of a brain: a volumetric gain of a skull, an arrest of development, head pains and so forth.

HYDROCLONE (from gidro... And grech. kyklon - rotated), the apparatus for division in an aqueous medium through centrifugal forces of grains of minerals and other particles distinguished on firmness. It is applied as the qualifier, a separator and a thickener.

HYDRAULIC CYLINDER (from gidro... And the cylinder), a volumetric hydraulic motor in which the driven member (bucket) as a result of hydrostatic head of a liquid reciprocates.

HYDROEXTRUSION (from gidro... And compare - eyelids. An armour. extrusio - replacement) (hydrostatic pressing), plastic metal working at which the preparation placed at the selfcontained container, is extruded through a die mouth by influence on it high-pressure liquids (0,5-3 GPa). It is applied to obtaining metallurgical semifinished items (a strand, rods and profiles from trudnodeformiruemyh and refractory metals) or preparations of component parts (boring bits, taps, etc.).

HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR (from gidro... And an elevator), a jet type pump for rise and conveyances on the pipe line of liquids and slurries on distance up to several honeycomb of meters.

WATERPOWER PLANT (river plant), the power station conversing a mechanical energy of water deluge in electrical power by means of hydraulic turbines, presenting rotation electricity generators. Power of the largest waterpower plants up to several GVt (napr., the Krasnoyarsk river plant - 6 GVt).

HYDRAS, order gidroidnyh. Length up to 3 see 10 kinds, are eurysynusic in fresh water reservoirs. Are multiplied by a sexual way and a budding. Are capable to regeneration.

HYENAS, a set of mammals of a carnivora. 4 kinds, in Africa, Forward, Mean and JUgo-Zap. Asia. 1 kind - a streaky hyena (length of a body ok. 1 m, a tail ok. 30 sm) in Transcaucasia and Compare. Asia. Number is reduced in connection with reduction feral ungulate which corpses of a hyena primarily eat. A brown hyena and a streaky hyena - in the Red Data Book of the International union of nature protection and natural resources (MSOP).

GIEN (Gjujen) (Guyenne), historical range on a southwest of France. Till 13 century called predominary as Aquitania. In 1154-1453 basically under an authority of England; in 1453 it is reunified with France. Up to 1790 had the status of a province (Gien and Gascony).

GIEN AND GASCONY (Gjujen and Gascony) (Guyenne et Gascogne), historical range on a southwest of France, in a bass. r. Garonne. Actuates departments: Gironde, Landes, Lo and Garonne, ZHer, Pyrenees Upper, Averon, Lo (in part Pyrenees Atlantich., Arjezh, Garonne Upper, Tarn and Garonne, Dordogne). 67,6 thousand êì2. The population 3,5 million person (1982). Main city - Bordeaux.

GIERAKONPOL, see. Ierakonpol.

GIERODULY, see. Ieroduly.

GIZHDUVAN, city (with 1972) in Uzbekistan (Bukhara region), in 17 kms from zh.-d. An item. Kyzyltepa. 32,3 thousand inhabitants (1991). A ginnery. It is known from 8 century Medrese Ulugbeka (1433).

GIZHIGINSKAJA the LIP, an interior a hall. SHelihova in Ohotskom m. Length of 148 kms, width for an orifice up to 260 kms, in a north - 30-40 kms, depth of 88 m.

GIZA, city in Egypt, bliz Cairo, an administrative centre muhafazy Giza. 1,9 million inhabitants (1986). Tobacco, machine-building, including radio, an industry. Tourism. Band of pyramids of pharaons Heopsa, Hefrena and Mikerina (3 thousand up to n. e.).

GIZATULLIN Hamid Nurislamovich (r. 1932), the Russian economist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991). Transactionses in range of the theory and a methodology of regional economy.

To GIZA Ivan Ivanovich (Iogann Emmanuel Ferdinand) (1781-1821), the Russian chemist and the pharmacist, corresponding member Petersburg AN (1809). By origin the German. The main transactionses under the physico-chemical analysis fresh and mineral waters. The writer of the tutorial " Overall chemistry for studying and pupils " (hours 1-5, 1813-17).

GIZEL Innokenty (ok. 1600-83), the figure of the Ukrainian crop, the historian. Rector Kievo-Mogiljanskoj of board, with 1656 archimandrite Kievo-Pecherskoj laurels. The negotiator 1654 about recombination of Ukraine with Russia. Probable maker " Ñèíîïñèñà " (" Kiev sinopsisa ").

GIZZAT (Gizzatov) Tazi Kajumovich (1895-1955), the tatar playwright and the actor. A comedy " Nice epoch " (1936); plays on the modern themes (" the Sacred assignment ", 1944; " the Victim of egoism ", is put 1950, 2-n edition 1954).

GIZZATULLINA-VOLGA Sahibzhamal (1892-1974), the tatar actress, the producer, deserved actress Tatarii (1926). The first tatar actress. With 1907 in first tatar professional troupe "Sajjar". In 1912 has organized troupe "Nur". Worked in Ufa, Izhevsk, Kazan.