LAMANSKY Vladimir Ivanovich (1833-1914), the Russian historian, the academician Petersburg AN (1900). The Slavophile and panslavist. Transactionses on a history of slavonic philology, paleography, ethnography. Together with P.P.Semenovym-Tjan-Shanskim supervised over the issuing " Russia. The full geographycal description of our fatherland " (1899-1914).

LAMANTINY, a set of water mammals of order of alerters. Length up to 4 m, weigh up to 400 kg. 3 kinds, for coasts of America (from Florida up to Brazil) and in rr. Amazon, Orinoco and their in-leaks, for coasts and in the rivers of Equatorial Africa. In a number of places the craft is forbidden. All in the Red Data Book of International Soyuz of nature protection and natural resources.

AC - MANCHA (La Mancha), plain in Spain, in southeast part Novokastilskogo of a tableland.

AC - MANSH (frants. La Manche), English channel (English English Channel), a channel between a shore of France and about. The Great Britain. Together with Pas de Calais bridges Boreal m. with Atlantic ok. Length of 578 kms, width in the west of 250 kms, on the orient of 32 kms, a critical depth on a fairway of 23,5 m. Near La Manche (between Dover and Calais) sooruzhen a tunnel (overall length of 52,5 kms, including 38 kms under a bottom of a channel. Primary ports: Portsmouth, Sauthempton, Le Havre, Cherbourg.

LAMARK (Lamarck) Jean Batist (1744-1829), the French scientist, precursor C.Darvina. Has created the doctrine about evolution of wildlife (lamarckism). The founder of a zoopsychology. Has entered (1802) term "biology" (simultaneously with german scientist G.R.Treviranusom, G. R. Treviranus). The writer of the first scientific report on a flora of France (t. 1-3, 1778).

LAMARCKISM, the first integrated concept of evolution of the wildlife, the formulated Z.B.Lamarkom. On Lamarku, kinds animal and plants permanently variate, becoming complicated in the organization as a result of environmental effect and the certain internal tendency of all organisms to improvement. Hereinafter the lamarckism exposed to sharp criticism adherents of a darvinism, but at the same time found support in different directions of Neo-Lamarckism.

LAMARTIN (Lamartine) the Gigolo (1790-1869), the French poet romantik, the political figure. In the season of Revolution 1848 member of the Providing government. The collection of meditative lyrics " Poetic meditation " (1820), " New poetic meditation " (1823), mystical poems ("ZHoselen", 1836); in " Histories zhirondistov " (1847) has criticized jakobintsev.

LAMASHTU, in akkadskoj mythologies lvinogolovoe htonicheskoe the godhood, a demon, nasylajushchy diseases on children and blowing them in a kingdom dead.

LAMBARENE (Lambarene), city in Gabon, an administrative centre prov. Compare. Ogooue, a port on r. Ogooue. St. 23 thousand inhabitants (1975). Bliz Lambarene - hospital, founded in 1913 A.Schweitzer.

LAMBERT, off-system unit of brightness (routinely a surface brightness luminous at the expense of an indirect illumination). It is called named I.G.Lamberta. It is meant Lb. 1 Lb - 3,18.103 cds / m2 - 1/? A stilb.

LAMBERT (Lambert) Iogann Genrih (1728-1777), the german scientist, one of creators of a photometry. In mathematics has proved an irrationality of figure (1766); transactionses on algebra, geometries, a spherical trigonometry. In astronomy probeed cometary orbits, a structure of the Universe. The writer of idea of a general-purpose language of marks.

LAMBERT (Lambert) Kristofer (r .1957), the American film actor. The first activity in Hollywood - role Tarzana in film " Grejstok: the Legend about Tarzane " (1984). It was taken out in films "Underground" (1985), the trilogy "Jointweed" (1986, 1991, 1994), etc.

LAMBERT the LAW: light intensity??, reflected or dissipated in a direction amounting an angle? With a normal to a surface, it is connected to light intensity? 0, reflected along a normal, a ratio?????? cos?. The Lambert law of absorption is strictly fair only for the absolute black body, however hardly dulled surfaces and turbid mediums rather precisely obey the law a Lambert. I.G.Lambertom in 1760 is formulated.

LAMBERT the ICEHOUSE (Lambert Glacier), the largest icehouse on a terrestrial globe in Antarctica, descended on Valley MGG. Nourishes ice shelf Ejmeri. Length ok. 450 kms, width from 30-40 up to 100-120 kms. It is open in 1957 australian expedition. It is called named the chief of a map service of Australia B.P.Lamberta.

LAMBRAKIS Grigoris (1912-63), the participant of movement of Resistance in Greece (1941-44), vice-president Vsegrecheskogo of committee of extirpation for a relaxation of international tension and for the world (1963). In Saloniki at collection of supporters of peace it is lethally wounded by neo-fascists.

LAME (Lame) Gabriel (1795-1870), the French mathematician and the engineer. In 1820-32 corresponding member Petersburg AN (1829) worked in Russia. Transactionses on mathematical physics, elastic theories. Has developed the theory of curvilinear coordinateses.

LAMENNE (Lamennais) Felisite Rober de (1782-1854), the French publicist and the religious philosopher, abbe, one of ancestors of Christian socialism. In 1830-32 in cooperation to M.Montalamberom, A.Lakorderom, etc. emitted the log-book "Future". The main compositions: " Words of the believer " (1834; right after an output it is convicted by an encyclic of a dad Roman), " the Sketch of philosophy " (t. 1-4, 1840-46).

LAMENTO (ital. lamento, it is literally - the petition, a bleeding), the musical composition of mournful, plaintive character, primarily an aria or the scene in italian opera of 17-18 centuries.

LAMETRI (Lamettrie, La Mettrie) ZHjuljen Ofre de (1709-51), the French philosopher, the doctor; first in France has stated system of mechanistic materialism and a sensationalism. In the composition "Person - machine" (1747) considered a human body as samozavodjashchujusja the machine, similar to a clock mechanism.