The LAVAL (Laval) Charles Gustav Patrik de (1845-1913), the Swedish engineer and the inventor. Has constructed the vapor prime mover of active type (1889) in which for the first time has applied many technical improvements.

The LAVAL (Laval) Pierre (1883-1945), the prime minister of France in 1931-32 and 1935-36; in 1934-35 Minister for Foreign Affairs. The adherent of "reconciliation" of fascist aggressors. In 1942-44 chapter kollaboratsionistskogo governments " Vichys ". It is executed as the betrayer.

The LAVAL - MUSSOLINI of the AGREEMENT, see. The Roman pact 1935.

LAVENDER, stem of bushes and subshrubs of a set of a mint family. St. 25 kinds, primarily in the Mediterranean. In many countries narrow-ringed and other kinds cultivate a lavender for obtaining a lavender oil. Some kinds the decorative, medicinal honey plants.

LAVENDER OIL, the essential oil received from racemes of a lavender; a colourless liquid with an odor of a lavender, firmness of 0,870-0,896 g / sm3; odorous substance in perfumery.

LAVDZHOJ (Lovejoy) Arthur Onken (1873-1962), the American philosopher. The representative of critical realism (in philosophy); has advanced the theory of numerals.

LAVDOVSKY Michael Dormidontovich (1846/47-1902/03), the Russian histologist. Probeed a structure and function of formal elements of blood, has placed a role of thrombocytes. Classical transactionses on a structure and development dermal and muscle receptors.

LAVEJKIN Alexander Ivanovich (r. 1951), the Russian astronaut, a pilot - astronaut of the USSR (1987), the Hero of Soviet Union (1987). Flight on " Soyuz TM-2 " and an orbital complex "World" (February - July 1987).

LAVEL (Lavelle) Lui (1883-1951), the French philosopher. Combined ideas, close to A.Bergson philosophy, with Christian existentialism.

AC - VENTA (La Venta), the cult centre olmekskoj crops on an island in a mouth r. Tonala (pieces. Tabasko) in Mexico. Bloom in 8-4 centuries up to n. e. Pyramids, cult a site, crypts, altars, huge basalt sculptures of human heads.

LAVERAN (Laveran) Charles Lui Alfons (1845-1922), the French doctor, the parasitologist. Has discovered the causal organism of a malaria (1880). Transactionses on an etiology and prophylaxis of protozoal diseases, military hygiene. The Nobel Prize (1907).

LAVEROV Nikolay Pavlovich (1930), the Russian statesman, the geologist, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1987), the vice-president of the Russian Academy of Science (with 1991; vice-president AN the USSR of the Russian Academy of Science; in 1988-91), the academician (1987) and the president (1987-89) AN Kirghiz SSR. The main transactionses on geology of ore deposits and economy of mineral resources. In 1989-91 vice-president of Council of Ministers of the USSR - the chairman of State committee of the USSR on science and technique.

AVALANCHE (from sr .-eyelid.s of an armour. labina - a landslip) (snow slide), the mass of snow dropping or sliding from abrupt downslopes of mountains, it is analogous to a landslide. Travelling speed on the average 20-30 ms. Fall of an avalanche is accompanied by education of the air preavalanche wave effecting the greatest destructions.

LAVINIJA (an armour. Lavinia), in Roman mythology the daughter reigning a Latina surrendered by him in the wife arriving from under Troy Eneju. In its honour the city constructed Eneem, has been called Lavinium.

LAVIS (frants. lavis), a kind of a deepened gravure in which the plotting is put on copper board by a paintbrush, the wetted acid; etched deepenings are filled in with a paint for printing.

LAVISS (Lavisse) Ernest (1842-1922), the French historian, foreign corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1917; foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN with 1914). Transactionses primarily on a history of Prussia. The editor (together with A.Rambo) multivolume collective transactionses on an overall history.

LAVKRAFT (Lovecraft) Hauard Filipps (1890-1937), the American writer. The writer of " novels of secrets " and the fancy short stories which have exerted influence H.L.Borches, H.Cortazar, etc.

LAVLINSKY Leonard Illarionovich (r. 1930), the Russian poet, the critic. Collections of verses and poems: "Key" (1979), "Planes" (1982), " the Cabin above breakage " (1989), etc. Books about the modern poetry: " Hearts explosive force. About lyrical poetry of 60th " (1972), " not abandoning a fire line " (1975), etc. With 1977 managing editor of the log-book " the Literary review ".

LAVO (La Vaulx) Anri de (1870-1930), the French aeronaut. Has committed major figure of flights on air balloons. Has based the French aeroclub (1898). During 1-st world war participated in designing airships for needs of army. Has based International federation of an aeronautics (nowadays International air federation) and has become its president in 1927. Has perished in fatal flight accident. In his honour the International air federation establishs a medal (1933).

LAVOCHKIN Seeds Alekseevich (1900-60), the Russian aircraft designer, corresponding member AN the USSR (1958), the general - major of an engineering - air service (1944), doubly the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1943, 1956). Under guiding Lavochkina fighters the MARGINAL FEN - 3, Ac - 5, Ac - 7, a number of jets are built. The state premium of the USSR (1941, 1943, 1946, 1948).