LIBROVICH Sigizmund Feliksovich (1855-1918), the Russian writer. Stories (the collection " Tinsel pits. Patterns of the modern life ", 1902), historical stories, sketches. Biographies of well-known Russian people for youth. Istoriko-memuarnaja the book " On a book post " (1916), keeping alive sketches of a literary household activities of the last quarter of 19 century. Probe " Pushkin in portraits. A history of plotting of the poet " (1889).

HAVING POURED and LIVTRASIR, in the Scandinavian mythology human fallow, woman and the man who can be rescued during death of the world and to become grandparents of a new generation of people.

LIVADIJA, a urban settlement in Crimea, on Black m., in 3 kms to a southwest from Yalta. 1,9 thousand inhabitants (1991). A bayshore climatic health resort. Landscape park (with 1834). B.Livadijsky a palace (1910-11). A site of negotiations of the Crimean conference 1945.

LIVAJN (Levine) James (r. 1943), the American conductor, the pianist. With 1971 conductor "Underground railway - opera" (with 1986 artistic administrator) Acts with master opera collectives and orchestras of the world. Participates in productions of operas on Zaltsburgskom and Barejtskom festivals.

LEBANON, the same, that ajvan.

LEBANON, the Lebanese Republic (the arab. Al-Dzhumhurija al-Lubnanija), the state in Zap. Asia. 10,4 thousand êì2. The population 2,9 million person (1993); over 90 % the Lebanese arabs and arabs of other countries, including ok. 400 thousand person - the Palestinian refugees. A urban population of 83,7 % (1990). The official language - Arabian. Believers - moslems and christians. Administrative - terriorialnoe division: 5 muhafaz (governorships). Capital - Beirut. The chief of state - the president. The body of legislation - unicameral parliament (National assembly). A large part of country take hrebty Lebanon (an altitude up to 3088 ì) and Anti-Lebanon, between them - steep hollow Bekaa. A climate subtropical, Mediterranean. Mean temperatures of January. 13 °S, July 28 °S. A rainfall of 400-1000 mm annually. The small rivers, drying up in the summer. On western downslopes - fruticose vegetation, on eastern - steppes. Some wildlife reserves. In 4-2-¼ one thousand up to n. e. In terrain of the modern Lebanon there were Phoenician cities - states (see. Phoenicia). In 8-1 centuries up to n. e. In structure of the different states Other. The orient. In 1 century up to n. e. - 4 century n. e. Under an authority of Rome. In 7 century n. e. It is conquered by arabs. With nach. 16 century on 1918 in structure of Ottoman empire (in 16-17 centuries. Lebanon actually rules aboriginal dynasty Maanov, in kon. 17 century - 1840 - SHihabov). In 1920-43 French mandate. Since November, 22 1943 independent state. Encouraged by ruling circles of Lebanon interference foreign, primarily American, the capital in affairs of Lebanon has called the armed revolt 1958 finished by a defeat of reactivity forces. With kon. 1960th acted on terrains of Lebanon organizations of Palestinian Resistance movement (PDS). With nach. 1970th. The internal contraventions which have been poured out in April 1975 - October 1976 in armed conflict between pravohristianskimi the forces bolstered by Israel, and the unit of national - patriotic forces (NPS) - PDS built up. Since 1970th. Lebanon exposed to aggressive stocks on the part of Israel, the largest - in 1978 and 1982. To 1982 Israel occupied the south of Lebanon, orders PDS have abandoned Beirut. In 80th the confrontation of the main political units - NPS and pravohristianskih forces was saved. The basis of economy of Lebanon - active bankovsko-financing activities, trade, tourism. A lobe in a runway (1990, %): an orb of services, trade, the finance - 50,3, an industry and construction 17,8, an agriculture 9,8. The most developed branch of an agriculture - a fruit growing (apples, citrous, olive berries, bananas), a vegetable raising, wine growing; cultivate tobacco. Animal husbandry. Fishery. Textile, sewing, cement, a food-processing industry. Manufacture of the electric power 4,7 billion kvt.ch (1994). Length of railways of 417 kms, motorways - 7,4 thousand in km (1987). The tonnage of a marine merchant marine fleet of 438 thousand t deadweight (1992). Seaports: Beirut, Tripoli, the Coalfish, Dzhunija. Export: citrous, apples, cottons, textile, pharmaceutical items. The main foreign trade partners: Saudi Arabia and other Arabian countries, countries of Western Europe, the USA. Monetary unit - the Lebanese pound.

LEBANON, backbone on state territory Lebanon, along eastern shore of Mediterranean m. Length of 170 kms. An altitude up to 3088 m. Bushes, groves of a cedar - of - Lebanon. Karst cave Dzhejta.

LEBANONS Aristarch Evgenjevich (r. 1947), the Russian actor, the honored artist of Russia (1989). Since 1970th in MHATe him. M.Gorkogo. Most the considerable theatrical role - Grigory Melehov in performance " Quiet Don " (1976). At kino plays diverse roles, recently gravitates to an adventure genre ("Thirtieth" - to delete ", 1992; " The one who is more tender ", 1996, etc.). The state premium of the USSR (for role Melehova).

LEBANONS Boris Nikolaevich (1904-72), the Russian actor, the national actor of the USSR (1948). With 1924 in MHATe. Among roles: SHvandja (" Love Summer " K.A.Treneva), Nozdrev (" Dead showers " on N.V.Gogolju), Salinous (" Three sisters " A.P.Chehova), etc. It was taken out in films: "Dubrovsky", "Admiral Ushakov", etc. The State premium of the USSR (1941, 1942, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1970).

LEBANONS Vasily Borisovich (r. 1935), the Russian actor, the producer, the writer, the scripter, the national actor of Russia (1988). Son B.N.Livanov. It was taken out in television films " Sherloka Holmes Adventures and the doctor of Watson ", etc. With 1988 artistic administrator of Moscow Theatre " Detective ". Works in range of multiplication kino as the scripter, the producer, ozvuchivatel (Carlson - " the Kid and Carlson "; the Gene - " the Crocodile of the Gene ", etc. The Story " Wash the liked clown ", (1979; staging is picturized), the collection of stories and fairy tales " Agnija, daughter Agnii " (1990), etc.

LEBANONS Michael Nikolaevich (1907-86), the Russian physiologist, one of founders of a domestic electroencephalography, academician AN the USSR (1970). Probeed the bioelectric phenomena over bark major hemispheres in the norm and a pathology. The state premium of the USSR (1987, posthumously).

LIVANOV Tamara Nikolaevna (1909-86), the Russian musicologist, the doctor of art criticism (1940). Transactionses on Russian and Western-European music of 17-19 centuries in its historical communications with other ranges of art crop.

LIVANTSY (the Lebanese arabs), people, the main population of Lebanon (2,25 million person). An aggregate number 2,36 million person (1992). Speak on sirolivanskom a dialect of an Arabian language. Believers - christians (maronites, melkity, greko-orthodox, etc.) and moslems (sunnity, shiity).

LEBANONS (up to 1917 official title Livengof), city (with 1926) in Latvia, on r. Daugava, at a lockin in it r. Dubna. A depot. 12,2 thousand inhabitants (1991). Glass, peat factories. It is known with 1533.

LIVENS (Lievens) JAn (1607-74), the Netherlands painter. Studied together with Rembrandtom in workshop Lastmana, in kon. 1920th artists have created natural studio, activities of this season bear on themselves an impress of influences of both masters against each other. In 1930th worked in England and Antwerp. From now on Livens, on advantage the portraitist, gravitates to imposing style Van Dejka.

DOWNPOUR, short-lived rainfall of major intensity (routinely strong rain).

LIVERPUL (Liverpool) (Liverpool), city in the Great Britain, in England, an administrative centre metropolitenskogo counties Merseysides. 475 thousand inhabitants (1991). A port at a lockin r. Mersi in Irish m. (freight turnover ok. 15 million t annually). Shipbuilding and a ship repair, avto-and aircraft manufacturing, electrotechnical, chemical, impregnated-paper, a food-processing industry. Share and documentary exchanges. University. A public museum, Art passageway of the Walker. Liverpul for the first time it is mentioned ok. 1191. With it is grey. 17 century one of cents of trade with colonys. Hospital and a town hall in style of a classicism (18 century), numerous business and trade buildings (19-20 centuries).

LIVERPUL (Liverpool) Robert Banks Dzhenkinson (Jenkinson), columns Liverpul (1770-1828), the prime minister of the Great Britain in 1812-27; tori. In 1804-06 and 1807-09 Minister of Internal Affairs. In 1809-12 military minister and minister for colonys.

LIBYA Titus (Titus Livius) (59 up to n. e. - 17 n. e.), the Roman historian, the writer " the Roman history from the grounding of city " (142 kn.: it was saved 35 - about events of the season up to 293 up to n. e. And 218-168 up to n. ý).