LIHACHEV Ivan Alekseevich (1896-1956), the engineer, in 1926-39, 1940-50 director of the Moscow motor-works (nowadays him. Lihacheva). In 1939 narkom machine industries of the USSR. With 1953 minister for motor transport and highway. Roads of the USSR. The member of the Central Electoral Committee of the USSR. The state premium of the USSR (1949).

LIHACHEV Ivan Fedorovich (1826-1907), the Russian scientist, vice-admiral (1874). The main transactionses " the Service of the Joint Staff in fleet " (1888) in which for the first time has justified necessity of building of an operative - strategic control fleet (a marine General Staff), has developed a fundamentals of his organization and activity.

LIHACHEV Nikolay Viktorovich (1901-80), the Russian veterinary virologist and the immunologist, academician VASHNIL (1956). The main transactionses by virus diseases agricultural animal. Has developed a number of anti-infectious biological preparations. The state premium of the USSR (1946).

LIHACHEV Nikolay Petrovich (1862-1936), the Russian historian, academician AN the USSR (1925). The organizer and the chief of the Museum of paleography. Transactionses on auxiliary historical disciplines (sfragistike, etc.), histories of the book, to old russian and byzantian art.

LIHACHEV Peter Gavrilovich (1758-1812), the Russian general - major (1798). In Domestic war 1812 chief of an infantry division which in the Borodino battle defended battery Raevskogo (the centre of Russian item). When the opponent has rushed on the battery, Lihachev (seriously ill patient) has rushed towards with a sword in an arm, was iskolot spits and is captured; has died of wounds.

LIHVIN, the title of. Tchekalin in the Tula region up to 1944.

LIHVINSKOE MEZHLEDNIKOVE, the title of epoch of a warm climate on the European part of terrain of the Russian Federation in the beginning of mean Pleistocene (from 250 up to 400 thousand flying back), precedent maximum dneprovskomu to a glaciation; corresponds Tobolsk mezhlednikovju in Zap. Siberia, golshtejnskomu the Sowing. Europe and jarmutskomu the Sowing. America.

LICHENOLOGY (about grech. leichen - a lichen and... logija), the section of botany investigator lichens.

VALIANTLY, in vostochnoslavjanskoj mythologies an entity - olitsetvorenie burning. It represented by the way uniocular pullet woman.

LIHODEEV Leonid Izrailevich (1921-94), the Russian writer. Feuilletons, ironical stories and stories (" the Price of affection ", 1967; " the Aster from the root ", 1969; " Art this art ", 1970), novels (" I also wash the automobile ", 1972, " Gods who mould pots ", 1983, " Seven Fridays ", 1986) - about substantial sense of social processes 1970-80-Õ. The book "Field of battle" (1990) - about tragical destiny of Russian intelligent, the active participant of October revolution. In a three-volume epopee " the Family calendar, or life, from the extremity prior to the beginning " (1991-92) - a scale cloth of the Russian life kon. 1970th of 20 century, tragedy of violent implementation of a communist Utopia. The satirical novel " Srednevozvyshennaja the annals " 1992), the autobiographical story " Live - were the grandfather yes a skull cracker " (1933). Publicism.

LIHONOSOV Victor Ivanovich (r. 1936), the Russian writer. Lyrical stories and the story (" On long memory ", 1968; sb. "Native", 1980) about the modern life, predominary village. Novels " When we shall meet? " (1978), " Unwritten memories. Our small Paris " (1987) - the family chronicle from life of the Kuban cossacks in tragically razlomnyh circumstances of 20 century.

FEVER, general organism response to pathogenic influences (an infection, a trauma, etc.): a fervescence, changes of a metabolism, a blood circulation, etc.

LIHOSLAVL, city (with 1925) in the Russian Federation, the Tver region. A depot. 13,4 thousand inhabitants (1989). Factories: "Lighting engineering", radiator, lnoobrabatyvajushchy.

LIHSKY BACKBONE (Suramsky), in Georgia. Bridges Major and Small Caucasus. An altitude up to 1926 m. The major saddle-point - Suramsky (vys. 949 ì).

LIHTENBERG (Lichtenberg) George Kristof (1742-99), the german writer - satirist, the literary, theatrical and art critic of age of Enlightenment, scientists - physics, the foreign honorary member Petersburg AN (1794). The professor of physics of the Goettingen university (with 1769). The master of a social - critical, philosophical, household aphorism.

LIHTENSTAJN (Lichtenstein) the Swarm (r. 1923), the American artist, one of master masters of pop art. In 1960th has conquered popularity patterns, in which monumentalizirujutsja separate staff of popular comics due to what their heroes appear as scale and at the same time ironic implementations of " the American dream ".

LIECHTENSTEIN (Liechtenstein), the state (principality) in Central Europe, between Switzerland and Austria. 157 êì2. The population of 30,1 thousand person (1993), primarily lihtenshtejntsy. The official language - german. The majority of believers - roman catholics. Administrative territorial division: 11 communes. Capital - Vaduz. The chief of state - prince. The body of legislation - unicameral parliament (landtag). It is located in the Alpes, to the south from Bodenskogo an eskar. An altitude. Up to 2573 m. A climate moderate. A rainfall of 700-1200 mm annually. In Liechtenstein - headwaters of Rhein. Mountain forests, alpestrine and Alpine meadows. Some wildlife reserves. As the unified principality Liechtenstein exists with 1719. In 1815-66 in structure of the German union. To 1876-1918 Liechtenstein it is closely related with Austria-Hungary. With 1924 - in the customs union with Switzerland which represents Liechtenstein abroad. A machine industry, textile, himiko-pharmaceutical, a flavoring industry; Manufacturing of porcelain dental prostheses, extension of postage stamps. Manufacture of the electric power 153 million kvt.ch (1992). The majority of industrial enterprises - branches of the Swiss firms. A dairy husbandry; wine growing. Center of international financing activities. Tourism. Monetary unit - Swiss franc.

The LICHTER (goll. lichter), non-propelled marine a vessel for a shipping goods, and also for an offshore cargo handling at loading - unload on road of deep-draught ships which cannot enter a port.

LIHUDY Ioanniky (1633-1717) and Sofrony (1652-1730), figures of Russian Enlightenment, brothers, Greeks, studied in Italy. With 1685 in Russia, teachers of Slavjano-Greco-Latin academy and other schools. Tutorials, the dictionary, sermons. Translators of military and historical compositions.

STATELESS PERSONS, see. Stateless persons.