LICHENS, group of the lower plant - forms derivated by symbiosis of a mushroom (askomitseta or a basidiomycete) and algae (green, rarely yellow-green and brown). Their relations are based on a parasitism and partly saprotrofnosti, primarily on the part of a mushroom. Distinguish nakipnye, foliaceous and fruticose lichens. Reproduction asexual. Ok. 26 thousand kinds (over 400 stems). Are most diverse in tropics and subtropics, are copious in tundra and on high mountains. Will grow on soil, trees, a rotten wood, rocks; play an essential role in a soil formation. Lichens use for obtaining antibiotics, aromatic substances, a litmus; many kinds - pollution indicators of an environment; some - nutrition of deers.

LICHEN ACIDS, the phenolic organic compounds keeping in lichens. Some lichen acids use in national medicine at treatment of dermal diseases and a tetanus.

DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY, kind of punishment. On UK the Russian Federation about 10 flying (for crimes which committing supposes application of the execution), for some special grave crimes - up to 15 flying is nominated. At changing by way of pardon of the execution deprivation of liberty for the term of in 20 flying can be determined. Sentenced to deprivation of liberty punishment in correctional colonys or prison, minors - in educational colony leave.

LIEJ, see. Fox.

LLEU, see. A meadow.

LLIR, see. Ler.

Lloyd GEORGE (Lloyd George) David (1863-1945), the prime minister of the Great Britain in 1916-22; one of the largest leaders of Liberal party. In 1905-08 minister for trade, in 1908-15 Minister of Finance.

LO GUANCHZHUN (ok. 1330 - ok. 1400), the Chinese writer. Historical compositions and epopee "Troetsarstvie", founded on national legends

LOA (Loa), the river in a north of Chile. 440 kms, the area of basin of 34 thousand êì2. Traverses Atacama desert. Average discharge of water in a lower reaches ok. 6 m3 / with.

STRIPED MULLET, fish of a set of mullets. The length up to 90 sm, weighs up to 6,7 kg. In tropical, subtropical and lukewarm waters of all oceans, including in Black and Azov, less often in Japanese seas, the m is installed in Caspian. Object of a craft and fishery.

STRIPED MULLETS Andrey Mihajlovich (1900-59), the Russian producer, the national actor of Russia (1947), the professor (1948). At theatre with 1924. In 1946-57 artistic administrator of the Moscow theatre him. M.N.Ermolovoj. Productions: "Tanja" A.N.Arbuzova (1939), A.N.Ostrovsky (1945) "Easy money", " Aged friends " L.A.Maljugina (1946), etc. The State premium of the USSR (1946).

STRIPED MULLETS Michael Petrovich (r. 1925), the Russian critic, the literary critic. The main orb of interests: the Russian literature of 19 and 20 centuries. Books: "Roman L.Leonov" Russian wood " (1958), " Internal and external " (1975), " Speculations about the literature and life " (1982), etc.

STRIPED MULLETS Nikolay Aleksandrovich (1909-78), the Russian designer, the inventor and the organizer of manufacture of parachute technique, Dr.Sci.Tech. (1968). The lenin premium (1965). The state premium of the USSR (1941, 1952).

STRIPED MULLETS Paul Pavlovich (1902-84), the Russian statesman and the scientist - economist, the academician (1948) and the president (1956-61 and 1965-78) VASHNIL, the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1971). In 1938-46 narkom grain and livestock-breeding state farms of the USSR. In 1956-62 chairman of Advice of Soyuz VS of the USSR. Transactionses on economy and organizations village zjajstva.