LJAOSI (ZHehe), a mountains on north-east of China, ok. 120 thousand êì2, prevailing altitudes of 500-1300 m, the greatest - 2050 m. In northwest - a corrugated plateau and low-level masses, in a southeast - rocky mountains. Steppes, a dense bushes. Valleys densely colonized. Deposits of mineral coal.

LIAO, the river on north-east of China. 1430 kms, the area of basin of 231 thousand êì2. Weeps on plain Ljaoheskoj, runs in Ljaodunsky a hall. Yellow m., derivating delta. Average discharge of water 630 m3 / with; there are floods. In a lower reaches - a tidal effect. It is navigable about one . SHuanljao. Water reservoirs. In a mouth - seaport of Yingkow.

LJAOJUAN, city in Severo-Vost. China, a province Girin (Jilin). 354 thousand inhabitants (1990). A coal mining; metallurgy, a machine industry, a chemical, textile industry.

LIAOYANG, city in Severo-Vost. China, a province Liaoning. 492 thousand inhabitants (1990). A petrochemical industry; a machine industry, strojindustrija.

LJAOJANSKOE BATTLE, 11.8-21.8.1904, about Liaoyang in Severo-Vost. China during russko-Japanese war. Russian Manchurian army (general A.N.Kuropatkin) has sufferred a defeat from three Japanese armies (marshal I.Ojama) and has departed for r. SHahe.

LJAPIDEVSKY Anatoly Vasiljevich (1908-83), the pilot, the Hero of Soviet Union (1934), the general - major of aircraft (1946). In 1934 participat in salvage of crew of motorship " ×åëþñêèí ". In Great Domestic war the director of an aircraft manufacturing plant.

SILVER NITRATE, see. Silver nitrate.

SILVER NITRATE - GLAZING, the same, that lazurite.

LAPSE (an armour. lapsus - fall, an error), obmolvka, involuntary omission, a gross error.

LYAPUNOV Alexander Mihajlovich (1857-1918), the Russian mathematician and the mechanics, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1917; the academician Petersburg AN with 1901). The brother. Ì. and S.M.Ljapunovyh. Has created the modern stability theory of balance and motion of mechanical systems with a finite number of parameters. Transactionses on differential equations, hydrodynamics, theories of probabilities.

LYAPUNOV Alexey Andreevich (1911-73), the Russian mathematician, corresponding member AN the USSR (1964). Transactionses on a set theory, mathematical problems of cybernetics, mathematical linguistics.

LYAPUNOV Boris Mihajlovich 1862-1943), the Russian jazykoved-Slavist, academician AN the USSR (1925; the academician of the Russian Academy of Science with 1923). The brother And. Ì. and S.M.Ljapunovyh. Activities on comparative phonetics and grammar, a history and ethymology of slavonic tongues.

LYAPUNOV Zahary Petrovich (? - after 1612), the organizer of overthrow of Vasily Shujskogo in 1610. Brother P.P.Lyapunov.

LYAPUNOV Prokopy Petrovich (? - 1611), dumnyj nobleman (1607). Brother Z.P.Lyapunov. Headed order of the Ryazan noblemen who have adjoined revolt Bolotnikova. In November 1606 has transfered to Vasily Shuisky. In 1610 participant of overthrow of Shuisky and organizations first zemskogo home guards 1611, the chapter zemskogo governments. It is killed by cossacks.

LYAPUNOV Sergey Mihajlovich (1859-1924), the Russian composer, the pianist, the conductor. The brother And. Ì. and B.M.Ljapunovyh. It is connected to traditions " Mighty kuchki ". In fortepiannom creativity and a performing art developed M.A.Balakirev kontsertno-masterly style. The professor of the St.-Petersburg (Petrograd) conservatory (with 1910).

LYAPUNOV the THEOREM, one of limiting theorems of a theory of probabilities. Establishes rather general conditions of convergence of distribution of the sum of independent random values to a normal distribution. A.M.Ljapunovym (1901) is proved.

LJAROSH (Laroche) Sofia a background (1737-1807), the german writer. Sentimentalistsky the novel " Satisfactory traveling " (1783).

LJASS Abram Moiseevich (1911-76), the Russian metallurgist, one of founders of the modern science about molding materials, Dr.Sci.Tech. (1961), the professor (1962). The main proceedings are connected to building and an introduction in foundary of fluid self-hardening sand for manufacturing forms and rod stock. The lenin premium (1967).

LJATOSHINSKY Boris Nikolaevich (1894/95-1968), the Ukrainian composer, the national actor of Ukraine (1968). Operas " Golden hoop " (1930, 2-n edition 1970), "SHCHors" (1938); 5 concordances, etc. The Professor of the Kiev conservatory (with 1935). The state premium of the USSR (1946, 1952).

LJAUDININKI (lits. - populists), a political trend of Lithuania in kon. 19 century - 1930th. Leaders - V.Belskis, K.Grinjus, A.Rimka, M.Slezhjavichjus, etc. - repeatedly headed government. Have formed the Lithuanian democratic party, Soyuz of peasants of Lithuania, the Consignment of revolutionary socialists ljaudininkov, Soyuz of the Lithuanian youth, etc.