LLAMAS, a stem of cloven-hoofed animals of a set verbljudovyh. Length of 1,2-1,75 m. 2 kinds - the guanaco and vikunja, dwell in high mountains of Andes; both tame - naturally a llama (a tame guanaco) and an alpaca (a guanaco crossed with vikunjej). Llamas use as pack animals; the wool is very much appreciated.

LAN (Lahn), the river in Germany, dextral in-leak of Rhein. 245 kms., the area of basin of 5,9 thousand êì2. Weeps in the Rhine Shaly mountains. Average discharge of water 57 m3 / with. Navigation.

LANG George Fedorovich (1875-1948), the Russian therapist, the founder of scientific school, academician AMN (1945). The main transactionses on a cardiology and hematoly. Has developed the doctrine about an idiopathic hypertensia. The state premium of the USSR (1951, posthumously).

LANG (Lang) Frits (1890-1976), the german film director. In 1935-58 worked in the USA. Films: "Nibelungi" (1924), "Metropolis" (1926), "Fury" (1936), " Executioners too die " (1942), " One thousand eyes of doctor Mabuze " (1960), etc.

LANGANS Martin Rudolfovich (1852-83), the revolutionary populist. The participant a mug "chajkovtsev" and " boatings in people ", with 1880 member of Executive committee " National. Will ". In 1882 it is sentenced to transportation for life. Has died in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

LANGBARD Joseph Grigorjevich (1882-1951), the Byelorussian architect, the honored worker of arts of Belarus (1934). Construction: the Dwelling of government of Belarus (1934-1937), the Byelorussian opera and ballet theatre (1934-1937) - both in Minsk; the House of Councils in Mogilyov (1938-39).

LANG Nikolay Nikolaevich (1858-1921), the Russian psychologist. Has created one of first in Russia experimental psychologic laboratories at the Odessa university. Has formulated the law of a perception - stadialnyj (phase) character of process of perception; has developed the motor theory of attention. The champion of the maximum women education in Russia.

LANG Oktavy Konstantinovich (1883-1975), the Russian hydrogeologist, the doctor of geologo-mineralogical sciences, the professor. The organizer and the chief (with 1920) stands of hydrogeology of some higher educational establishments (including. The Moscow State University). Transactionses on grading underground waters, their zonality, dynamics and a mode.

LANG (Lange) Oscar (1904-65), the Polish economist and statisticians. The chairman of economic advice at SM of Poland (1957-62). Compositions in range of political economy, statistics, economic-mathematical methods.

LANG (Lange) Fridrih Albert (1828-1875), the german philosopher and the economist, the representative neokantianstva. After O.Libmanom invoked to return " back to the Cant ". The composition: " the History of materialism " (hours 1-2, 1866).

LANGEMAK George Erihovich (1898-1938), the Russian designer of powder rockets, the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1991, posthumously). Participat in building rocket missiles for Katjushi ". It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.

LANGENBEK (Langenbeck) Bernhard (1810-87), the german surgeon, one of founders of the modern surgery. The creator of scientific school. St. 20 surgical operations have name Langenbek.

LANGENBEK (Langenbeck) Wolfgang (1899-1967), german chemists - organics. The main activities are dedicated a catalysis in an organic chemistry. Has created (1927) doctrine about the organic catalysts, capable to model ferments. Has offered ways of an enhancement of activity of functional groups of organic catalysts by thickening structure of their molecules.

"LANGENSHEJDT" ("Langenscheidt"), a book-publishing firm in Germany. It is based in 1859 in Berlin. Issues bilingual dictionarys (with a phonetic transcriptional of speaking another language words of G.Langenshejdta and S.Tussena), the linguistic literature, phrase-books, allowances and means for instruction by correspondence to foreign languages. In 80th of 20 century has headed like publishing group in which publishing houses " K.Bedeker " (guidebooks, etc. are joint), Library institute F.A.Brockhaus " (the encyclopaedic literature), etc.

LANGEPAS, city (with 1985) in the Russian Federation, Hunts - Mansijsky and. About. A depot. 30 thousand inhabitants (1992). Has arisen in connection with development of oil deposits.

LANGESSER (Langgaesser) Elizabeth (1899-1950), the german writer of a roman catholic direction. The collection of verses " the Gardener and a rose - tree " (1947), the novel " Unextinguishable zertsalo " (1947), etc.

LANGOBARDY, the German nation. In 568 have intruded Italy and have formed rannefeodalnoe a kingdom (in 773-774 it is conquered by Charles Velikim). From langobardov Lombardy has received the title.

LANGSDORF Grigory Ivanovich (George Genrih a background) (1774-1852), the scientist, the ethnographer and the diplomat. On a nationality the German. The participant of round-the-world expedition of I.F.Krusenstern (1803-1806), the academician Petersburg AN (1812-31). In 1812-20 Russian consul-general in Rio de Janeiro. In 1822-29 headed the Russian expedition to hinterlands of Brazil. Transactionses on a fauna, a flora and ethnographies of Brazil.

CRAWFISHES, set of Invertebrata of order of decapoda of Crustacea. Length up to 60 see 100 kinds. Are distributed primarily in warm seas. Object of a craft and cultivation.