LANGHOFF (Langhoff) Wolfgang (1901-66), the german producer, the actor, the writer. In 1933-34 prisoner of fascist concentration camp (memory - the book " Paludous soldiers ", 1935, Russian transfer, 1936). Up to 1945 worked in Switzerland. In 1946-63 chief of German theatre. With 1962 vice-president of Academy of arts of GDR.

LANDA (Landa) Diego de (1524-79), spanish hronist. Was diocesan of Yucatan (1573) where has entered inquisition. Has burnt many valuable manuscripts majja. Transactionses Landes - a source for study of life majja.

LANDAU DIAMAGNETISM, diamagnetism of mobile electrons in a solid, arises under action of an external magnetic field because of quantization of electron motion in a plane, perpendicular to a magnetic field. L.D.Landau (1930) is theoretically predicted.

LANDAU Lion Davidovich (1908-68), the Russian physics - theorist, the founder of scientific school, academician AN the USSR (1946), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1954). Transactionses in many ranges of physics: magnetism; a superfluidity and a superconductivity; solid-state physics, an atomic kernel and fundamental particles, plasma physics; a quantum electrodynamics; an astrophysics, etc. The Writer of a classical course of theoretical physics (together with E.M.Lifshits). The lenin premium (1962), the State premium of the USSR (1946, 1949, 1953), the Nobel Prize (1962).

LANDAU (Landau) Edmund (1877-1938), german mathematician, foreign corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1924) and foreign honorary member AN the USSR (1932). Transactionses on a number theory and function theories.

LANDBERG (Lundberg) George Endru (1895-1966), the American sociologist, the adherent of transference of methods of natural sciences in sociology.

LANDVER (a nem. Landwehr), a grade of militarians of a reserve of 2-nd queue and created from them at mobilization secondary military formations in Prussia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and other states in 19 - nach. 20 centuries.

LANDGRAF (a nem. Landgraf), in medieval Germany the chapter of the principality (landgrafstva).

LANDE (Land-e) Jean Batist (?-1748), the French dancer, the ballet master, the teacher. With nach. 1730th worked in Russia. Has based in Saint Petersburg the court dancing school becoming afterwards the Petersburg theatrical school that has laid foundation to Russian professional scenic dance.

LANDE the MULTIPLIER (the g-factor, the factor of magnetic scission), a multiplier in the formulas which are determining the size scissions of levels of power in a magnetic field (napr., in formulas for the Zeeman of effect). It is entered by german physicist A.Lande (À. Lande) in 1921.

LANDERO (Landero) Luis (r. 1948), the spanish writer. Novels " Games for advanced age " (1989), " Knights of good luck " (1994).

LANDESSHTAT (a nem. Landesstaat), system of class establishments of nobility in Baltic in 17 - nach. 20 centuries, provided an autonomy of landowners in relation to a central authority and their domination above peasantry.

LANDINO (Landino) Kristoforo (1424 - ok. 1504), the italian writer - humanist. The member of Academy Kozimo of Medici (see. Medici), commentator Ovidija, Vergilija, Dante.

LANDO [frants. landau, from Landau (Landau) - city in Bavaria where since 17 century have started to produce crews under the title lando], a car body topped, discovering only above pillion seats (earlier lando the 4-aboriginal carriage with discovering top part called).

LANDOVSKA (Landowska) Vanda (1879-1959), the Polish pianist, klavesinistka. Revitalization of interest is connected to name Landovskoj to klavesinnoj music. In 1925 has created School of arcaded music (bliz Paris). With 1941 vein in the USA. Fortepiannye and orchestral plays; transactionses about I.S.Bahe, music of 18 century.

LANDOLT (Landolt) Hans Genrih (1831-1910), german fizikohimik, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1896). The main transactionses on a ratio of structure, a structure and optical properties of organic compounds. The writer of " Physico-chemical tables " together with R.Bernstein (R. Bornstein, Germany, 1883). In 1950-80 in Germany 6 issuing, 4 principal series (volumes) from 28 kn is exhausted. With 1960 " a new series " (more than 100 kn is emited.) under the title " Numerical data and fundamental ratios in science and technique ".

LANDOLFI (Landolfi) Tommazo (1908-79), the italian prose writer. The collection of grotesque - fancy short stories " Impossible stories " (1966). An essay " the Goldeneye in Rome " (1971). Transfers of products of A.S.Pushkin and N.V.Gogolja.

LANDRAT (a nem. Landrat), 1) in Russia in 1713-19 adviser from noblemen of district at the governor. 2) In Germany the chapter of a local control. 3) In some cantons of Switzerland the title of the body of legislation.

LANDRATSKAJA BOARD, a nobiliary class organ at Swedish (with 1643) and Russian (with 1711) generals - governors in Baltic; it was elected for life from notable noblemen. Shadowed class privileges of nobility, monitored activity of aboriginal organs and court.

LANDSBERG Grigory Samuilovich (1890-1957), Russian physics, academician AN the USSR (1946). The writer of fundamental transactionses and the founder of scientific school on spectroscopy and spectral analysis. In 1928 has discovered (together with L.I.Mandelshtamom) a Raman effect of light, in 1931 - selective light scattering. The writer of a known course opticians. The state premium of the USSR (1941).