LUDWIG (Ludwig) Charles Fridrih Wilhelm (1816-95), the german physiologist, the founder of scientific school, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1871). Has offered (1846) physical theory mocheotdelenija. Has discovered (1851) secretory nerves of salivery glands and (1866, together with I.F.Tsionom) t. n. depressornyj a nerve.

LUDWIG Otto (1813-65), the german writer. The tragedy " the Hereditary forest warden " (1849, it is published 1853), the story "Between heaven and earth" (1856), stories from life of petty bourgeoises and handicraftsmen distinguishes truthfulness of chronicles. " Etudes about Shakespeare " (1840-65, are issued 1871) - the investment in the theory of a realistic drama.

LUDWIG (Ludwig) Emil (an ice-film. fam. Kon) (1881-1948), the german writer and the journalist. Romanizirovannye biographies of Bismarck (1926), Gindenburga (1936), I.V.Stalin (1945), etc.

LJUDVIGSORT, the title.. Ladushkin in the Kaliningrad region up to 1946.

LUDWIGSHAFEN (Ludwigshafen), city on a southwest of Germany, ground Rejnland-Pfalts. 165 thousand inhabitants (1992.) Center chemical and a petrochemical industry and a chemical machine industry.

LJUDEVITA POSAVSKOGO REVOLT 819-823, horvatov region Posavskoj in the union with Slovenes and timochanami (the slavonic nation settled in area r. Timok) under a guiding of prince Ljudevita against an authority of francs. The revolt suppressed by francs, has undermined, however, their domination in Croatia.

LJUDENDORF (Ludendorff) Erih (1865-1937), the german general (1916), one of ideologists of the German militarism. In 1-¯ world war, being the mate of general P.Gindenburga, actually supervised over act of war on Eastern front in 1914-16, and in 1916-18 all armed forces of Germany. Participant Kappovskogo of putsch 1920 and the chief (together with Gitlerom) fascist putsch 1923 in Munich. In 1924-28 deputy German rejhstaga from the National socialist consignment. The writer of the concept of " total war ".

LJUDENSHAJD, city in the west Germany, ground the Sowing. Rhine - Vestfalija, 80 thousand inhabitants (1991). Metal working, the electrical engineer.

LJUDERITS, city and a port in Namibia, on a shore Atlantic ok., an administrative centre of district Ljuderits. 16 thousand inhabitants (1988). Production of diamonds. A fishing industry

LJUDINOVO, city (with 1938) in the Russian Federation, the Kaluga region, on coast an eskar. Lompad, derivated by a dam r. Nepolat. A depot. 44,7 thousand inhabitants (1992). Factories: teplovozostroitelnyj, aggregation, etc.

LJUDINOVSKAJA the UNDERGROUND KOMSOMOL GROUP, acted in Great Domestic war in 1941-42 in. Ljudinovo. Chief A.S.Shumavtsov. The majority of participants are executed by fascists.

LJUDKEVICH Stanislav Filippovich (1879-1979), the Ukrainian composer, the theorist, the teacher the musical figure, the national actor of the USSR (1969), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1979). Opera " Äîâáóø " (1955), cantatas, concordances, vocal products, etc. The Writer of musicological activities. The professor of the Lvov conservatory. (with 1939).

LYUDMILA Cheshskaja (mind. 927; under other data in 921), princess, versed in christianity the educator of slavs ravnoapostolnym Methodius, the Christian martyress; a pastern over. Vyacheslav Cheshskogo. Memory in the Orthodox church on September, 16 (29), in Roman catholic on September, 15.

LUI I Great see Lajosh Great.

The LUI IV BAVARIAN (Ludwig IV der Bayer) (1287-1347), the German king with 1314, emperor of " Sacred Roman empire " with 1328, from stem Vittelsbahov. Combated Popes, interfered with affairs of the italian states.

The LUI of IX Sacred (1214-70), the French king with 1226, from dynasty Kapetingov. Has conducted reforms on a centralization of the government. Has headed 7-th (1248) and 8-th (1270) crusades. Has concluded Parisian agreement 1259.

The LUI VII (Louis) (between 1119 and 1121-80), the French king with 1137, from dynasty Kapetingov. One of leaders of 2-nd crusade (1147-49). In 1152 has dissolved a marriage with Alienoroj - gertsoginej Akvitanskoj, that has reduced in temporary loss of Aquitania by France.

The LUI VIII (1187-1226), the French king with 1223, from dynasty Kapetingov. Has won from Englishmen of Poitou, Perigor and a number of other French terrains. In 1226 has headed a marching against albigenses.

The LUI XI (1423-83), the French king with 1461, from dynasty Valua. Conducted tsentralizatorskuju policy, suppressed rebelions. Has joined to royal domain of Anjou, Picardy and other terrains. Patronized handcrafts, trade.