The LUI XII (1462-1515), the French king with 1498, from dynasty Valua. A marching 1499 has reinstated Italian wars 1494-1559. Has conducted reforms on reorganization a troops, on ordering of court, the taxation, moneys.

The LUI XIV (1638-1715), the French king with 1643, from a dynasty of Burbons. His board - apogee French absoljutizma (the legend attributes to Lui XIV saying: " the State is I "). Numerous wars (Devoljutsionnaja war 1667-68, for the Spanish patrimony 1701-14, etc.), heavy expenses of a royal yard, high taxes invoked popular uprisings.

The LUI XVI (1754-93), the French king in 1774-92, from a dynasty of Burbons. From the beginning of Great French revolution invoked the foreign mandatory powers for intervention. Will overthrow 10.8.1792. It is convicted by the Convent and it is executed.

The LUI XVIII (1755-1824), the French king in 1814-15 and 1815-24, from a dynasty of Burbons. In the season of Great French revolution one of chiefs of the French counter-revolutionary emigration. Has taken a holy table after fall of Napoleon I.

The LUI DEVOUT (Louis le Pieux, Ludwig der Fromme) (778-840), franksky emperor with 814. In vain attempted to save a wholeness of empire inherited from the father (Charles Velikogo), has divided steering of her between synovjami in 817; has made repartition of empire in 829.

The LUI HUNGARIAN, see Lajosh Great.

LJUDOEDSTVO, the same, that a cannibalism.

LEWISITE, ClCH-CHAsCl2, a colourless liquid, têèï 196,6 °S, a poisonous substance obshchejadovitogo, irritant, a blistering effect; intolerable concentration in air of 2.10-2 mg / l, fatal - at action through a respiratory organs of 0,25 mg / l (15 mines), a lethal dose at rezorbtsii through a leather of 25 mg / kg. It is offered as a poisonous substance at the end of 1-st world war.

LJUJ TSZI (r. 1909), the Chinese composer, the musicologist. The revolutionary battle mass songs popular during the japono-Chinese war 1937-45.

LJUJDA, administrative mountain terrain in Sev.-Vost. China, a province Liaoning, on Yellow m. 1,6 million inhabitants (1975). Actuates Liushung (Port Arthur) Dalian (Long-distance). Fishing base. Shipbuilding and other branches of a machine industry; chemical, cotton, a food-processing industry.

LJUJ-LJUJ (a whale. - 12 ljuj; ljuj - a measure, build), in music - 12-ñòóïåííàÿ the acoustical system symbolizing filosofsko-cosmological, aesthetic and ethical submissions in Other. China.

LIUSHUNG (Port Arthur), city and port in China, in prov. Liaoning, in a hall. Bohai Yellow m.; is part of administrative mountain terrain Ljujda. Liushung up to kon. 19 century were the Chinese perilune. It is received by Russia in the temporary lease from China under the convention 1898. In kon. 19 - nach. 20 centuries Russian marine base and Port Arthur. In 1905-45 it is occupied by Japan. It is free by the Soviet Army (August 1945). Under the sovetsko-Chinese agreements the marine base Liushung was shared the USSR and China. To 1955 USSR has introduced the military forces from Port Arthur and has free transmitted to government of China of a structure in base area.

LJUKARNA (frants. lucarne), a window opening in an attic roof or the cupola cover. Ljukarny, having the decorative value, outside often are decorated with clypeuses, planted borders, etc.

LUX (from an armour. lux - light), unit of illuminating intensity of a SI; lxat is meant. 1 lxose - illuminating intensities of a surface of a square of 1 m2 at a luminous flux dropping on it, equal 1 lm. 1 ëê=10-4 phot.

LUX (from frants. luxe - luxury, magnificence), notation of the best on the equipment, a degree of service, etc. shops, hostels, studio, etc.

LUXEMBOURG, Great duchy Luxembourg (Grand-Duche de Luxembourg), the state in Zap. To Europe. 2,6 thousand êì2. The population of 392 thousand person (1993), primarily ljuksemburzhtsy. A urban population ok. 86 % (1991). The official language - german, French and luxembourg. Believing - primarily roman catholics. Capital - Luxembourg. The constitutional monarchy. The chief of state - great duke. The body of legislation - Chamber of deputies. The terrain of country is occupied in predominary hilly plain, in a north - spurs of a mountain of Ardenness (vys. Up to 565 ì). A climate moderate, transient from marine to continental. Mean temperatures of January 0-2 °S, July 18 °S. A rainfall over 700 mm annually. The rivers fall into to basin Mozelja. Broad-leaved forests. Some wildlife reserves, a part of natural national park located in terrain of Germany. In Middle Ages a part of county (since 14 century of duchy) Luxembourg, entered in Netherlands (historical). About 1815 Great duchy (in the modern borders with 1839, up to 1890 in the personal union with Netherlands). In 1842-1919 in the customs union with Germany. In 1-¯ and 2-¯ world wars it is occupied by the German troops. Plans of Germany to annex Luxembourg have been thwarted by Luxembourg overall strike 1942. Luxembourg - highly-developed industrial country. A lobe in a runway (1991, %): an industry 24,6, an agriculture 4. The main industry - iron and steel industry; chemical, tanning, cement, faience, wood-working, sewing, a flavoring industry. Manufacture of the electric power 1,4 billion kvt.ch (1990). Dairy - meat animal husbandry, a grain - feed plant growing, wine growing, a vegetable raising. Luxembourg - the large international financial centre. Foreign tourism. About 1921 Luxembourg is in economic (including customs) the union with Belgium. Monetary unit - a luxembourg franc.

LUXEMBOURG, capital of the state Luxembourg. 75 thousand inhabitants (1991). Transevropejsky a traffic centre. An international airport. Metallurgy and a machine industry, chemical, flavoring, a tailoring industry. The international financial centre. The national library. A national museum. School of arts and handcrafts. For the first time it is mentioned ok. 963 as the deputy. In 1244 has received the right of city. Chapel Sen-Kiren (6 and 15 centuries), Gothic church. Sen-Michel (16 century), the Renaissance Palace of justicia (16 century), a baroque cathedral I Notr-shall give (17 century).

LUXEMBOURG (a nem. Luxemburg, polsk. Luksemburg) the Rose - tree (1871-1919), one of chiefs and theorists of a Polish social democracy, left-wing radical flow in the German social democracy and 2-nd Internatsionale. One of organizers of "Soyuz Spartaka" and osnovatelej (1918) KP Germany (KPG). Has organized (from K.Libknehtom) the issuing of the newspaper " Rothe the fan ". The passionate fighter against militarism. It is brutally killed (together with Libknehtom) counter-revolutionarys.

The TELLEGEN EFFECT interaction of two radiowaves passing through an ionosphere as a result of which at method of radiowaves of a transmitting station drive of other potent station working on other carrier frequency and located on a line between relaying and receiving stations is listened, and at method of radiowaves of potent station finds out their distortion. For the first time it was supervised in 1933 to Eindhoven (Netherlands) by activity of potent radio station " Luxembourg " and in. Bitter (nowadays Nizhni Novgorod).