The SECRETARY GENERAL of the United Nations, the main administrative official of the United Nations, heads Secretary of the United Nations. It is nominated as General Assembly of the United Nations under the recommendation of Security Council of the United Nations. Participates in all meetings of principal organs of the United Nations (except for International court of the United Nations). Secretaries general of the United Nations: Trjugve Lie (Norway, 1946-53), Dag Hammarsheld (Sweden, 1953-61), For Tannins (Burma, 1961-71), Kurt Valdhajm (Austria, 1972-81), Havjer Peres de Kueljar (Peru, 1982-91), Butros Gali (Egypt, with 1992).

The JOINT STAFF, principal organ of steering of armed forces of the state in nonpredatory and a wartime.

GENERATIVE ORGANS (from an armour. genero - I bear, I effect), organs of a sexual reproduction of plants (napr., an antherid, an archegonium for the maximum cryptogamous and gymnosperm, a flower for pokrytosemennyh). Compare. Vegetative organs. Generative organs animal call as sexual organs.

The GENERATOR (an armour. generator - the sire), the device, the apparatus, the machine, effecting any product (napr., an acetylene generator, the steam generator), producing electrical power (napr., dynamoelectric, magnetohydrodynamic, the thermoionic emission generator) or creating electrical, electromagnetic, light or sound signals - oscillations, pulses (napr., lamp, magnetron, quantum, ultrasonic generators).

SWEEP GENERATOR, the same, that the swept-signal source.

The SELF-EXCITED GENERATOR, the same, that a self-excited oscillator.

GENERATING TUBE, electron tube for transformation of power of a current source to power of electromagnetic oscillations. Apply in radio transmitters, probing devices, installations of induction heating, etc.

GENERATOR GASES, see in an item. Gasification of combustibles.

GENERATION (from an armour. generatio - a birth, reproduction), the same, that generation.

GENETIC ENGINEERING (gene engineering), methods of a molecular biology and genetics, the bound with targeted designing new combinations of genes not existing in a nature. Has arisen in nach. 70th of 20 century. It is based on extraction from cells of any organism of a gene (ciphering the necessary product) or groups of genes, on their connection with special molecules DNK (t. n. Vectors), capable to inpour into cells of other organism (primarily microorganisms) and to be multiplied in them. Alongside with cell-like engineering bases the modern biotechnology. Uncloses new trackage of the solution of some problems of genetics, medicine, an agriculture. With the help of genetic engineering a number of biologically active connections - an insulin, an interferon has been received, etc.

The GENETIC INFORMATION, received from ancestors and incorporated in hereditary structures of organisms by the way sets of genes of the program about structure, a structure and character of an exchange of components an organism of substances.

GENETIC LABORATORY him. And. Century of Michurin Tsentralnaja (TSGL) the Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, is based in 1934 on the basis the nursery incorporated to 1875 (Michurinsk). Development of methods of breeding of grades of fruit crops, selection and other activities.

GENETIC MAPS of CHROMOSOMES, schemes of a relative arrangement of genes in the chromosomes, permitting to forecast character of succession of studied attributes of organisms.

GENETIC CODE, see. A code genetic.

GENETIC ACTION of RADIANCES (radiation mutagenesis), originating under influence of ionizing radiations and ultraviolet rays of hereditary variations (mutations). Under action of radiances there are qualitatively same mutations, as without irradiation, but is much more often; the ratio of miscellaneous phylums of mutations also can be other. It is used in genetic probes, in selection of industrial microorganisms, agricultural and ornamental plants. Increase of frequency of harmful mutations as a result of increase of the content in ecumene of radioisotopes - one of the main dangers of a radioactive impurity of ecumene.

GENETY, a stem of mammals of a set viverrovyh. Length of a body up to 58 sm, a tail up to 42 see 9 - 10 kinds in Africa, 1 kind in JUgo-Zap. To Europe and in a western part Arabian p-ova. Genetov contain in dwellings for liquidation of rats and a bristle grass.

GENIUS, the most advanced stage of a development of creative powers of the person. It is connected to building qualitatively new, unique creations, discovering before the unknown ways of creativity. Historical views on a nature of genius were determined by general comprehension of creative process. From antiquity there is a view on genius as on a stem of irrational inspiration, "inspiration" from above (Platon, neoplatonizm, etc.). From Renaissance has become popular a cult of the genius as the creative individuality, reached apogee in epoch of romanticism. In 19-20 centuries sociological probes of different aspects of genius and creativity develop psychologic, and also.

GENIS Alexander Aleksandrovich (r. 1953), the Russian writer, the essayist. With 1977 in the USA. The main orb of interests: the Russian literature of 19 and 20 centuries, the modern crop. It was published in emigrant issuings "Continent", " Time and we ", "Edges", "Echo", etc. With it is grey. 80th the employee of radio station " Freedom ". Books (together with P.L.Vail): " the Modern Russian prose " (1982), " Lost paradise. Emigration: attempt of a self-portrait " (1983), " 60. The world of the Soviet person " (1988), " Native speech " (1990), etc.