VALENTINE Nikopolsky (Armenian) (mind. ok. 319), one of a magpie of five Christian martyrs damaged in Nikopol Armenian in the persecution of emperor Litsinija. Memory in the Orthodox church on July, 10 (23).

VALENTINE Rimljanin (mind. 269), the martyr, the presbyter in Rome, damaged in persecution of emperor Klavdija II. Memory in the Orthodox church on July, 6 (19), in Roman catholic on February, 14.

VALENTINIAN I (Valentinianus) (321-375), Roman emperor with 364, steered (in 367-375 together with son Gratsianom) a western part of Roman empire (in eastern - his brother and sopravitel Valent). Led wars against alemannov, kvadov, etc. nations.

VALENTINO (Valentino) Rudolf (an ice-film. A name and fam. Rodolfo Guljelmi di Valenitino) (1895-1926), the American film actor. By origin the Italian. Has become famous in silent films of 20th (" Four riders of the Apocalypse ", "Sheikh", " Blood and sand ", " the Son of the sheikh ", etc.), having created a mode exotic " the latin lover ", the fatal temper. The early mors of the actor has called a mass hysteria and a series of suicides among his admirers. Valentino - one of legends of a cinematograph, the hero of novels, plays (to him "Valentino" feature film, 1977 is dedicated, producer K.Russell)

VALENCE BAND, best of the allowed Bloch bands of electrons of a solid in which at the temperature of 0 To all energy state are occupied (see. Band theory). At Ò> 0 To generatrix in a valence band of a vacant electron site participate in electric conductivity. Concept of a valence band routinely apply in physics of semiconductors and dielectrics.

VALENCE (from an armour. valentia - force), ability of atom of a chemical element (or nuclear group) to organize fixed figure of chemical bonds with other atoms (or nuclear groups). Instead of valence often use more fine-bored concepts, napr. Oxidation state, a coordination number.

VALER (frants. valeur, characters. - value), in painting and the schedule shade of the tint expressing (in interrelation with other shades) a fixed ratio of light and a shade. Application of system valerov allows is more thin also the richman to show subjects in svetovozdushnoj to medium.

VALERA Huan (1824-1905), the spanish writer. Psychologic, realistic novels " Pepita Himenes " (1874), " Donja Ljus " (1879), " Illusions of doctor Faustino " (1875). Criticism.

VALERI Pol (1871-1945), the French poet. Essentials of philosophical lyrics (" Juvenile Park ", " the Marine cemetery ", "Charm") - speculations about impotence of reason adequately to perceive a reality and about a nature of creativity. An essay about S.Mallarme, S.Bodlere, etc. Filosoficheskie (in the form dnevnikovyh records) "Writing-books" (t. 1-29, 1894-1945; are issued 1957-61).

VALERIANAS (Valerianus) (193-260), Roman emperor with 253, regulations together with son Gallienom. At a nem there were persecutions of Christians. Has died in a film during war with persians.

VALERIANAS Roman (mind. ok. 230), the Christian martyr, the marital partner of martyress Kikilii Roman. Memory in the Orthodox church on November, 22 (on December, 5), in Roman catholic on April, 14.

VALERIANAS Trapezundsky (mind. 305), the Christian martyr damaged in persecution of emperor Diokletiana. Memory in the Orthodox church on January, 21 (on February, 3).

VALERIANA (valerian), stem of perennial grasses of a set valerian. St. 200 kinds, in Eurasia, JUzh. And the Sowing. To America. Garden heliotrope (an altitude of a stalk up to 2 ì) cultivate for obtaining from roots and rootstocks of abirritating pharmaceuticals.

VALERIANIC ACID, ÑÍ3 (ÑÍ2) 3-ÑÎÎÍ, têèï 185,4 °S; it is contained radically Valerianas. Use in manufacture odorous, medicinal, etc. substances. See also Isopropyl acetic acid.

VALERY Melitinsky (mind. 298), one of thirty three Christian martyrs - soldiers, postradavshchih in the Melitin in persecution of emperor Diokletiana. Memory in the Orthodox church on November, 7 (20).

VALERY Sevastijsky (mind. ok. 320), one of a magpie sevastijskih martyrs.

FELL, in the Scandinavian mythology one of gods - aces, son Odina and Rind, the brave soldier, the avenger for death Baldra.

VALIEV Kamil Ahmetovich (r. 1931), Russian physics, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1984). The main transactionses on physicotechnological problems of microelectronics, solid-state physics and liquids. Under Valiev guiding the major nomenclature of integrated circuits is built. The lenin premium (1974).

VALIESARSKY the AGREEMENT, for armistice between Russia and Sweden, has finished the russko-Swedish war 1656-58 (20.12.1658, d. Valiesar, bliz Narva). To Russia headed out Kokengauzen, JUrjev, Marienburg, Syrensk.