VAZGEN I (Levon Karapet Abramovich Palchjan) (1908-94), with 1955 supreme patriarch and catholicos of all Armenians. In 1943 has accepted monasticism and a dignity of archimandrite, with 1951 diocesan. In 1947-55 headed the Armenian archdiocese in Romania.

PETROLATUM (frants. vaseline), uniform salve-like mass, a mix of heavy hydrocarbon oil and solid hydrocarbon (paraffin, a ceresine, etc.). Receive fusion of hydrocarbon in oil with afterpurification of a mix by sulfuric acid and claying. In medicine - the basis of ointments; in technique - for impregnation of paper capacitors and in the capacity of a grease.

VAZEH (an ice-film. Name Mirza SHafi) (1796-1852), the Azerbaijan poet, the educator. In satirical verses dissected faults of a society, invoked for extirpation for individual liberty; many lyrical verses become national songs. Wrote in forms of a gazelle, rubai, mesnevi, etc.

VAZOV Ivan (1850-1921), the Bulgarian writer, the public figure. Revoljutsionno-patriotic verses, a cycle liroepicheskih poems " the Epopee forgot " (1881-84), a novel - epopee " Under a yoke " (1889-90) - about national-liberation extirpation. Social - accusatory stories, stories, the novel "New Land" (1896), historical dramas from life of medieval Bulgaria " To an abyss " (1908), "Borislav" (1909), a comedy " Researchers of cushy jobs " (1903).

VASOPRESSINUM (antidiuretic hormone), neurohormone animal and the person, produced in a hypothalamus; acts in a hypophysis from which it is secreted in blood. Boosts a back suction of water in renal kanaltsah and thus reduces a diuresis. Invokes reductions of capillaries of blood system. On a chemical nature - a peptid.

VAZUZA, the river at the centre of the European part of the Russian Federation, dextral in-leak of Volga. 162 kms, the area of basin of 7,1 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water 39 m3 / with. Bliz a mouth - Vazuzskoe vdhr. For water supply of Moscow.

VAJBHASHIKA (sarvastivada), philosophical school of the Buddhism hinajany. Has developed in 3-2 centuries up to n. e. The main source - tract Vasubandhu "Abhidharmakosha". Has advanced Buddhist doctrine about Dharmas.

VAIGACH, island on border Barentseva and Karskogo seas, in structure of the Russian Federation. Ok. 3,4 thousand êì2. An altitude up to 170 m. Tundra vegetation. Occupied points: Vaigach, the Long Lip, Varnek. Polar station (with 1950).

VAJDA, a stem of grasses of a set of a cruciferae family. Ok. 60 kinds, in Eurasia and the Sowing. To Africa. Vajdu retuse, etc. kinds sometimes cultivate on a forage. Vajdu dyeing before cultivated in Zap. To Europe as a dyestuff plant (leaves contain an indigo).

VAJDA (Wajda) Andrzej (r. 1926), the Polish producer. Films: "Channel" (1957), " Ash and diamond " (1958), "Ash" (1965), " All on sale " (1969), "Birch grove" (1971), " the Person from marble " (1976), " Without narcosis " (1978), " the Person from gland " (1981), "Danton" (1983), " the Chronicle of love incidents " (1986). His films about historical paths of development of Poland, tragical conflicts of duties in attitudes between the personality and a society. Works at theatre.

VAJZHGANTAS (an ice-film. A name and fam. JUozas Tumas, Tumas) (1869-1933), the Lithuanian writer. Has realistically reflected life of Lithuanian people kon. 19 - nach. 20 centuries in novels "Flashes" (1917-33), " the Cancer of family " (1927-29), stories " the Uncle and the aunt " (1921), "Dumb" (1930), " ZHemajtijsky Robinzon " (1932), etc.

VAJZHGANTAS, in the Lithuanian mythology the godhood of a flux.

VAJZENBORN (Vejzenborn) (Weisenborn) Gjunter (1902-69), the german writer. The participant of movement of Resistance. In 1942-45 prisoner of fascist prison. Plays, including a drama "Underground workers" (1945), the collection of prosaic fragments "Memorial" (1948) about anti-fascist extirpation in Germany 1933-45. Roman "Persecutor" (1961).

VAIL Peter Lvovich (r. 1949), the Russian writer, the essayist. With 1977 in the USA. The main orb of interests: the Russian literature of 19 and 20 centuries, the modern crop. It was published in emigrant issuings "Continent", " Time and we ", "Edges", "Echo", etc. With 1993 managing editor of Russian service of radio station " Freedom ". Books (together with A.A.Genis): " the Modern Russian prose " (1982), " Lost paradise. Emigration: attempt of a self-portrait " (1983), " 60. The world of the Soviet person " (1988), " Native speech " (1990), etc.

VAJMAN Seeds Teodorovich (r. 1924), the Russian literary critic, the Doctor of Philology (1970). The main orb of interests - the theory of the literature, a history of the foreign literature. Books: " Rabelais Art method " (1960), " Dante and a problem of a germing of realism " (1961), " the Marxist aesthetics and problems of realism " (1964), " Realism as an antipode of religion. Etudes about poetics Bokkachcho " (1966), " Balzakovsky a paradox " (1981), " Harmonies a mysterious authority. About organic poetics " (1989), etc.

VAJNBERG Mechislav Samuilovich (1919-1996), the Russian composer, the national actor of Russia (1980). One of master symphonists - 20 concordances, including " Flowers of Poland " (1965), the Chamber concordance (1986), opera " the Madonna and the soldier " (1970), ballet " Golden kljuchik " (1962), 16 string quartets, etc. The State premium of the USSR (1990).

VAJNBERG (Uejnberg) (Weinberg) Stephen (r. 1933), American physics. Transactionses on an elementary particle physics. The Nobel Prize (1979, together with S.Gleshou and A.Salamom) for building of the consolidated theory of electromagnetic and weak interactions.

VAJNERT (Weinert) Erih (1890-1953), the german writer. In 1933-1946 in anti-fascist emigration, the participant of a civil war in Spain 1936-39. The president of national committee " Loose Germany " (1943-45). Patriotic and anti-fascist lyrics.