VECTOR in a molecular genetics, it is self-contained replitsirujushchajasja molecule DNK, capable to actuate stranger DNK (genes) and to tolerate her to cells which hereditary properties wish to change. Routinely a vector create on basis DNK of plasmids and viruses (including bacteriophages). A vector widely use in genetic engineering for reproduction (cloning) of injected genes or obtaining of protein products encoded by these genes.

STATE VECTOR, the same, that wave function.

The VECTORMETER (from a vector and... Meter), a gauge meter of currents, pressure and phases alternating-current.

The VECTOGRAM, the graphics image of values of the physical quantities changed under the harmonic law, and ratios between them by the way vectors. It is applied at calculations in the electrical engineer, soundman, optician, etc.

CALCULUS OF VECTORS, section of mathematics in which operations above vectors are studied. The calculus of vectors actuates a vector algebra and vector analysis. Rules of a vector algebra reflect properties of actions above vector quantities. Napr., a and b the vector going from a vector origin a in a vector head b provided that a vector origin b calls as vector sum is enclosed in a vector head a; this rule is connected to regulations of a composition of forces or speeds (see. A parallelogram of forces). In a calculus of vectors two types of multiplication of vectors (see are established. Scalar product, the Vector product). If i, j, k - three orthogonally related unit vectors in the space any vector a uniquely can be presented by the way a=a1i+a2j+a3k. Figures a1, a2, a3 call as components (coordinates) of a vector a. In the basis of vector analysis operations of derivation and an integration of vector functions lay.

FIELD OF VECTORS, range, in each point P which the vector a (P) presets. Vectorial fields result many physical phenomena and processes in concept (napr., vectors of speeds of particles of a driving liquid in each instant will derivate field of vectors).

VECTOR PRODUCT of a vector a on a vector b, a vector p = [a, b], or a • b, equal longwise the areas of the parallelogram constructed on vectors a and b, perpendicular planes of this parallelogram; the direction of a vector product p depends on selection of coordinate system i, j, k: from a vector head p the shortest turning movement of a vector a to a vector b is seen in the same direction (clockwise or against) in what from a vector head k rotation from i to j is visible. The vector product depends on the order of multiplicands.

VECTOR SPACE, the mathematical concept extending concept of set of all vectors of the 3-dimensional space on an event of the arbitrary figure of measurements.

The VECTOR FUNCTION (vector function), function, which values are vectors.

VEKUA Ilya Nestorovich (1907-77), the Georgian mathematician and the mechanics, the academician (1946) and the president (1972-77) AN Georgia, academician AN the USSR (1958), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1969). Transactionses on differential and to integral equations, a function theory, a shell theory. The lenin premium (1963), the State premium of the USSR (1950, 1984, posthumously).

VEKSHA, monetary unit Other. Russia (9-13 centuries)

VEKSHE (Vaxjo), city in the south of Sweden, an administrative centre lena Krunuberg. Ok. 70 thousand inhabitants (1989). A machine industry and metal working. It is based in 1342.

VEKSHINSKY Sergey Arkadjevich (1896-1974), the Russian scientist, academician AN the USSR (1953), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1956). The writer of some electronic devices. The lenin premium (1962), the State premium of the USSR (1946).

VELASKES (Velazquez) (Velaskes de Kueljar) Diego (1464-1524), spanish konkistador. Has conquered about. Cuba, in 1511-24 governor of an island; has undertaken a number of aggressive expeditions to Yucatan, to Florida and to Mexico.

VELASKO ALVARADO (Velasco Alvarado) Huan (1909-77), the president of Peru in 1968-1975, the divisional general. Government Velasko Alvarado has passed the law on an agrarian reform, nationalized the property of the American petroleum and ore mining companies and has created the state company.

VELASKO IBARRA (Velasco Ibarra) Hose Maria (1893-1979), the president of Ecuador in 1934-35, 1944-47, 1952-56, 1960-61 and 1968-72, the leader of a consignment of National federation velaskistov, is built in 1952 his adherents.

VELD (from niderl. veld - a field), a rainless plateau in JUzh. To Africa, primarily in the republic of South Africa. Are depressed by stages from Drakensberg mountains on the orient to hollow Kalahari in the west and a valley r. Limpopo in a north. High Veld (an altitude 1200-2000 ì) - between the rivers Orange and Vaal, Mean Veld (1000-1500 ì) - between a mouth r. Vaal and verhovjami r. Olifants, Fruticose Veld (ok. 900 ì) - northward from Pretoria, Low Veld (300-800 ì) - between Fruticose Veldom and r. Limpopo. Epines of savannahs are coated with xerothytic cereals and bushes. Large deposits of diamonds (in area Kimberley).

VELDE van de, family of the Netherlands painters: 1) Esajas (ok. 1590-1630), one of creators of the Netherlands national landscape distinguished by singleness of a composition, emotional sensation of life of a nature. 2) Willem (1633-1707). Sonorous on I blossom, hangover marine landscapes. 3) Adrian (1636-72). Portraits, religious, mythological, allegorical compositions, idyllic landscapes.

VELDE (van de Velde) (van de Velde) Henri (1863-1957), the Belgian architect and the master of an ornamental art. One of ancestors of style "modernist style" (the Folkvang-museum in Hagen, Germany, 1901-02), after rationalism (theatre Verkbunda in Cologne, 1914).