VERNADSKY of the MOUNTAIN, subglacial mountains in Vost. To Antarctica, in eastern part of Queen Maud land. Length ok. 400 Km, an altitude over 1600 m above sea level. A glacial cover above mountains power up to 1000 m. Are open in 1964 Soviet expedition and are called named V.I.Vernadsky.

VERNE (Vernet), family of the French painters 18-19 centuries: 1) Klod ZHozef (1714-89), the writer of marine landscapes. 2) Charles (1758-1836), the caricaturist and batalist. 3) Oras (1789-1863), the ceremonial historical painter.

The WERNER (Werner) Abraam Gotlob (1749-1817), the german geologist and mineralog, the founder of scientific school. Has developed grading rocks and minerals. The founder neptunizma.

The WERNER (Werner) Alfred (1866-1919), the Swiss chemist - neorganik, one of creators of chemistry of complexes. The writer of the coordination theory of complexes (1891-93). The Nobel Prize (1913).

VERNIGERODE (Wernigerode), city in Germany, ground Saxony - Anhalt. 35 thousand inhabitants (1991). Electrotechnical, instrument-making, a chemical industry. Fahverkovye houses of 16-17 centuries. A climatic health resort in piedmonts of Harz.

VERNIKOV Jacob Iljich (r. 1920), the Russian pilot. The deserved pilot - verifier of the USSR (1960), the general - major of aircraft (1971), the Hero of Soviet Union (1944). Tests of reactive fighters for spin, heavy airplanes on critical conditions of flight. First has reached a supersonic speed in a level flight.

OPENING DAY (frants. vernissage, characters. - lacquered), solemn discovering of an exhibition. The title descends from custom to varnish patterns before discovering of an exhibition.

VERNOV Sergey Nikolaevich (1910-82), Russian physics, academician AN the USSR (1968), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1980). Probeed ultrarays in high layers of an atmosphere and outside of her. The participant of discovering of an external radiation belt of the Earth. The lenin premium (1960), the State premium of the USSR (1949).

VALID, the title of. Alma-ata (nowadays capital of Kazakhstan) up to 1921.

VERNIER, the obsolete title of a vernier.

VERONA (Verona), city in the Sowing. Italy, in region. Venice, an administrative centre prov. Verona. 259 thousand inhabitants (1991). A traffic centre on approaches to Brenner pass in the Alpes. Metallurgy, a machine industry, chemical, mild, wood-working, a food-processing industry. University. Romanesque church Dignity - Dzeno Madzhore (5-12 centuries) and Pallatstso del Komune (it is initiated in 12 century); Gothic Palaces del Governo (12-13 centuries) and clasp Kastelvekkjo (14 century) with bridge Skaligerov.

VERONESE (Veronese) (an ice-film. A name of Cagliari, Caliari) Paolo (1528-88), the italian painter of Renaissance. The representative of the venetian school. Celebratory, society patterns on spirit, a panel, paintings of Veronese differ organic communication with the architecture, scope of a composition, refinement of silvery colour (a fresco of country house Barbaro-Volpi in Mather, ok. 1561, " Spoilage in Cana ", 1563).

SPEEDWELL, stem of plants (predominary grasses) sets of a figwort family. Ok. 250 kinds, primarily in moderate and cool belts of Boreal hemisphere; over 100 views on of terrain of the Russian Federation, in Compare. Asia, on Caucasus. Some kinds are decorative.

PROBABILITIES the THEORY, section of mathematics in which under data to probabilities of one random events find probabilities of other events, the bound somehow with first. The theory of probabilities studies also random values and stochastic processes. One of primal problems of a theory of probabilities will consist in making out of the regularities originating at interaction of major figure of random factors (see. Major figures the law). The mathematical apparatus of a theory of probabilities is used at study of the mass phenomena in science and technique. Methods of a theory of probabilities play the important role at machining statistical data. See also Mathematical statistics.

The PROBABILISTIC AUTOMATIC CONTROL UNIT, the device (system) automatically changing the condition depending on sequence of the previous conditions and random input signals. The probabilistic automatic control unit use at simulation of complex processes, napr. Automatic control systems a traffic circulation on a crossroad of two streets.

PROBABILISTIC PROCESS, the same, that a stochastic process.

The PROBABILITY, in mathematics - the numerical characteristics of a degree of a capability of occurrence of any random event at those or others fixed, able to be retried a unlimited number of times conditions (see. Probabilities the theory).

PROBABILITY THERMODYNAMIC, figure, proportional to quantity of physically discernible microscopic conditions by which the given macroscopic system condition can be realized. Napr., the condition of gas with fixed power can be realized by flock of the ways discriminating with a partition of energy between particles.

VERRI (Verri) Pjetro (1728-97), the italian educator. In 60-80-Õ promoted antifeudal reforms in Lombardy. Main transactionses " Speculations about political economy ".

VERRO, the title of. Vyru in Estonia up to 1917.