"VERTICAL", a series of geophysical one-stage missiles on liquid fuel. Have been built in the USSR and are applied with 1970 on a research program and uses of space in the nonpredatory purposes, including in cooperation to a number of other countries. "Verticals" have recoverable the container with instrumentation. Probes of an ionosphere, meteoric particles, radiances of the Sun are carried out.

VERTICAL CONCENTRATION, concentration in one firm (association) of a complex of serial stages of manufacture: from production of raw material before realization of made production. One of preparatory stages of combination of manufacture.

VERTICAL ANGLES, see. An angle.

VERTINSKAJA Anastasy Aleksandrovna (r. 1944), the Russian actress, the national actress of Russia (1988). Daughter A.N.Vertinsky. With 1966 in Moskovsk theatre " Contemporary ". In 1980-88 in MHATe. To the game psychologic thinness, refinement of plastic drawing, ottochennost forms are peculiar. Roles: Nina Zarechnaja ("Seagull") and Elena Andreevna ("Uncle Vanja") of A.P.Chehova, Prospero and an Ariel (U.Shakespeare "Storm"), Elmira ("Tartjuf" Moliere), etc. " The anonymous aster " Was taken out in films " Scarlet flags ", "War and peace", "Anna Karenina", "Hamlet", a TV movie, etc. With 1991 president founded her of Welfare fund of Russian Actors. Periodically works abroad as the teacher and the producer.

WRYNECK, bird of a set of woodpeckers. Length ok. 20 see. Dwells in woods of Eurasia and Severo-Zap. Africa. Alarmed in a nest, the wryneck draws out a neck, spins by her and hisses.

The SWIVEL, shear member for connection of two parts of the mechanism, permitting to execute their relative turning movements.

VERTOV Dziga (an ice-film. A name and fam. Denis Arkadjevich Kaufman) (1895/96-1954), the Russian film director. One of initiators and theorists of documentary kino. Films: " Anniversary of revolution " (1918), "Film-truth" (1922-1925, a film magazine), "Film-eye" (1924), " the Sixth part of the world " (1926), etc. Film " Three songs about Lenine " (1934) - in a genre of figurative film-publicism.

The HELICOPTER, flight vehicle is heavier than air with a vertical launching and planting. Jacking and propulsive forces form by rotors. Distinguish helicopters the single-rotor with the control (caudal) screw; two or multi-rotor. A flying speed of the helicopter up to 350 km/h, carrying capacity up to 40 t (1984). Are applied for passenger and freight traffic and the special purposes (health services, a pest control of agricultural crops, fire control, etc.), and also in armed forces to a transportation of air landings, a troops and freights and fulfilment of other operational tasks. The helicopter of a single-rotor configuration for the first time is constructed by B.N.Jurjevym in 1910-12. The first domestic helicopter of a TsAGI 1-ÝÀ is built in nach. 30th. The first domestic production helicopter - Ìè-1 OKB M.L.Milja (1948). Abroad the helicopter call gelikopterom.

HELICOPTER CARRIER, military surface ship - the carrier of helicopters. It intended for transplantation of marine landings and antisubmarine warfare. The antisubmarine helicopter carrier bears up to 26 helicopters, aerial delivery - transports up to 2 thousand marine infantrymen.

VERTUMN (Vortumn) (an armour. Vertumnus), in Roman mythology the godhood, apparently, etrusskogo an origin which name Romans erected to a verb vertere (to pivot) and considered as his god of revolution of the season. The husband of the goddess of Pomona.

VERTHAJMER (Wertheiòer) Maks (1880 - 1943), the german psychologist, one of osnovatelej and the main theorist geshtaltpsihologii. With 1933 in the USA. Transactionses on experimental researches of perception of motion, about productive intellection.

GYRINIDS, a set of the bugs dwelling in fresh water reservoirs. Length up to 8 mm. St. 800 kinds, primarily in tropics. The majority from over 20 kinds of the gyrinids dwelling in our country, fall into to a stem of true gyrinids. Are turned on a water plane. Predators; are beneficial, t. To. Eat larvas of an anopheles mosquito.

VERFEL (Werfel) Frants (1890-1945), the Austrian writer. Ekspressionistskie motives (in lyrics) are replaced by social - critical tendencies: the novel of " Magpies of days Musa Daga " (1934.) Roman " the Ode about Bernadette " (1941), etc. - roman catholic orientation.

SHIPYARD (from niderl. werf), 1) the enterprise for construction of courts. 2) the Room for construction of airships.

VERHARN (Verhaeren) Emil (1855-1916), the Belgian poet - symbolist (the French tongue). In the lyrical trilogy (collections of "Evening", 1888, "Downfalls", 1888, " Black plumes ", 1891) - ecumenical pessimism, despair, impotence of reason. In collections " Mad villages " (1893), "Cities - octopuses" (1895) - realization of banefulness for the modern civilization of social contrasts (including city - village); simultaneously arises both major urbanism and socialist hope (play - Utopia "Zori", 1898). (independent of political favours) collections " Violent forces ", (1902) and " Majestic rhythms " (1910) in which the modern life is shown in modes of passion, thirst of updating, the invention, the protest, pride of consciousness of force are dedicated social heroism and valour of creation. Philosophical (" Choirs of life ", 1899) and intimal ("Hours", 1898-1902), lyrics.

VERHNEANGARSKAJA the HOLLOW, between Verhneangarskim and Severo-Mujskim hr., in Buryatiya. Length over 100 kms. Width 40 Km. An altitude up to 800 m. It is drained r. The upper Angara. Meadow vegetation, larch, piny and birch forests.

VERHNEANGARSKY the BACKBONE, to north-east from an eskar. Baikal. Length ok. 200 kms. An altitude up to 2608 m.

LAKES VERHNEVOLZHSKIE, on Valdai vozv., in headwaters of Volga. A gross area 183 êì2. With construction in 1843 dams (Verhnevolzhsky bejshlot) in structure Verhnevolzhskogo vdhr. In a backwater there are lakes: Sterzh, Vselug, Peno, Volgo (the greatest - 61 êì2). One of the first major water reservoirs in Russia.

The UPPER LAKE IRON-ORE AREA, in the USA (pieces. Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin). Major deposits - in environs Mesabi. Deposits metamorfizovannye. Ore magnetite - gematitovye (takonity). Common stocks ok. 8 billion t ore; content Fe in takonitah 25-30 %; in efflorescent ores over 50 %. The main centre of production - Duluth. In terrain pieces. Michigan is located cooper-bearing area (with reserves ok. 9 million t copper); regular production with 1854.

VERHNEDVINSK (up to 1962 Drissa), city (with 1777) in Belarus, Vitebsk region, on r. Drissa. A depot. 7,7 thousand inhabitants (1991). A flax primary treating plant, the alimentary enterprises, factory of art items. It is known from 14 century.