VILAJET, see. Il.

VILAJJA, an administrative and territorial unit in Algeria (with 1976).

TWIST - LOBOS (Villa-Lobos) Ejtor (1887-1959), the Brazilian composer, the specialist in folklore, the conductor. The chapter national kompozitorskoj schools. The initiator of building of the Brazilian academy of music (1945, its president). Has developed system of the musical education of children. Operas, ballets, 12 concordances; 14 "SHoros" (1920-29), " Brazilian bahiany " (1944) for tool bands, etc.

VILAND (Wieland) Genrih (1877-1957), german chemists - organics and the biochemist, foreign corresponding member AN the USSR (1929). The main activities on chemistry of hormones, steroids, alkaloids, bilious acids and so forth. Has put forward the theory of dehydrogenation explaining the mechanism of oxidizing reactions, including processes of a biological oxidation. The Nobel Prize (1927).

VILAND Kristof Martin (1733-1813), the german writer of Enlightenment. The educational novel of education "Agaton" (1766), the satirical novel " the History abderitov " (1774), a fancy poem "Oberon" (1780).

VILED, the river in the European part of the Russian Federation, the left-handed in-leak of Vychegda. 321 kms, the area of basin 5610 êì2. Irregular navigation on 106 kms from a mouth.

VILEJKA, city (with 1795) in Belarus, the Minsk region, on r. Vilija. A depot. 29,5 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: constructional members, auto-repair; a food-processing industry. It is based in it is grey. 16 century.

VILENSKY Zinovy (Zalman) Moiseevich (1899-1984), the Russian sculptor, the national artist of the USSR (1980), corresponding member AH the USSR (1954). In portraits convincingly transmitted personal features ("P.I.Chajkovsky", 1947). The state premium of the USSR (1948).

VILIMAA (Vilimaa) JUlo (r. 1941), the Estonian ballet dancer and the ballet master, the national actor of Estonia (1985). With 1973 main ballet master of theatre " Âàíåìóéíå " (Tartu).

VILIJA (Âiëiÿ) (lits. - Njaris, Neris), the river in Belarus and Lithuania, dextral in-leak Njamunasa (Neman). 510 kms, the area of basin 25,1 êì2. For. Vilejka - water reservoir. Average discharge 182 m3 / with. On Vilii over 1.5 thousand lakes. It is navigable on stray patches. On Vilii - cities Vilnius, Kaunas (in a mouth).

VILKAVISHKIS (up to 1917 official title Vilkovishki), city in Lithuania. A depot. 14,2 thousand inhabitants (1990). Factories: canning, hardware; a clothing factory. It is known from 16 century.

VILKOVO, city on Ukraine, the Odessa region, a port in delta of Danube (Kilijskoe girlo), in 18 kms from Black m. of 11,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). Fish treatment, ship repair facilities; factory of press clusters. It is known with 1762.

VILKS (Vilks) (an ice-film. fam. Latsis) Evalds (1923-1976), the Latvian writer. The collection of stories " People of one truth " (1949) about war, " In days autumnal " (1955) about life of collective-farm village, " Kind familiar " (1973).

COUNTRY HOUSE (an armour. villa - farm, a manor), a country house with a garden or park.

VILLANELLA (ital. villanella - a rural song), a genre italian household satirical, game, ljubovno-lyrical mnogogolosnoj songs of 15-16 centuries. Music villanelly light character, it is frequent with features tantsevalnosti.

VILLANOVA CROP (in archeology), the early Iron Age (ok. 900-500 up to n. e.), in the Sowing. Italy. It is called on a seconds. Villanova (Villanova) about Bologna. Burials with truposozhzhenijami. An economy: agriculture.

VILLANY (from an armour. villa - a manor), in France, Italy, Germany peasants, personally loose, but dependent on the feudal lord as holder of ground; in England (till 15-16 centuries) serfs.

VILLAR (Villars) Klod Lui Ektor (1653-1734), duke (1705), the French marshal - general (1733). Has gained a number of victories in war for the Spanish patrimony, including at Denene. In war for the Polish patrimony has committed a successful marching in the Sowing. Italy (1733).

VILLARI (Villari) Emilio (1836-1904), italian physics. Activities in ranges of an electricity, magnetism and opticians. Has discovered (1865) magnetoelastic effect (Villari effect).