VITKOVSKY Vasily Vasiljevich (1856-1924), the Russian geodesist, the general - lieutenant. The professor of geodesic branch of Academy of the General Staff (with 1897). The writer of manuals on topography, geodesies and cartography.

VITOVT (Vitautas) (Vytautas) (1350-1430), grand duke of Lithuania (with 1392), son Kejstuta. Triply invaded in the Moscow principality (1406-08), has trapped Smolensk. One of organizers of rout of german knights in Grjunvaldskoj to battle 1410.

VITOL (Vitols) (Vitols) JAzeps (1863-1948), the Latvian composer and the musical critic, one of founders of the Latvian professional music. A cantata "Northern lights" (1913); " the Drama overture ", " Latvian village serenada " for an orchestra (1895, 1934), etc. The Professor of the St.-Petersburg conservatory (1901-18), among pupils - S.S.Prokofjev, N.J.Mjaskovsky. One of osnovatelej, the rector (1919-44, with a rest), the professor of the Latvian conservatory (nowadays his name).

VITORGAN Emmanuel Gedeonovich (r. 1939), the Russian actor, the honored artist of the Russian Federation. In 1971-82 in Moskovsk drama theatre him. K.S.Stanislavsky. With 1984 in Moskovsk the academic theatre him. Vl. Majakovskogo. With 1968 acts in film. It was taken out in films: "Larets Maria Medichi" (1981), " the Conflict situation " (1981), " On Deribasovskoj good weather, on the Brighton - whip again there are rains " (1992), " the Code of dishonor " (1993), etc.

VITORIA (Vitoria), city in a north of Spain, an administrative centre and. About. Basque Provinces and prov. Alava. 205 thousand inhabitants (1991). Metallurgy, a machine industry, chemical, a food-processing industry. A cathedral (14 century, a gantry of 15 century), palaces in style "plateresko" (16 century). It is based in 6 century.

VITORIA, city and port in a southeast of Brazil, an administrative centre pieces. Espiritu-Santu. 254 thousand inhabitants (1985). An international airport. Textile, alimentary, a leather and foot-wear industry. University. A museum of art and a history.

VITOS (Witos) Vintsenty (1874-1945), the prime minister of Poland in 1920-21, 1923, 1926. One of chiefs (1913-31) consignments "Pjast". With 1926 in opposition to t. n. "sanatsionnomu" to a mode. In 1945 vice-president Craiova Rads Narodovoj.

VITOSHA, a hills in Bulgaria, bliz Sofia. An altitude up to 2290 m. Broad-leaved and coniferous forests, meadows. Mineral sources. National park (actuates 2 wildlife reserves).

The STAINED GLASS (frants. vitrage, from an armour. vitrum - glass), an ortamental or subject decorative composition (in a window, a door, by the way a do-it-yourself panel) from a glass or other material leaking light. Colour stained glasses in windows (napr., in Gothic cathedrals) create the game of colored light in an interior.

VITRAIN (from an armour. vitrum - glass), shining black brittle component of fossil coal, characteristic for gumolitov. Will derivate in layers of a lens and layers; a majority carrier of sintering properties of fossil coal.

VITRUVY (Vitruvius), the Roman architect and the engineer 2-nd floor. 1 century up to n. e. The writer of the tract " Ten books about the architecture " where town-planning, technical-engineer and art problems are considered, is generalized experience of the Grecian and Roman art of building.

VITRUK Nikolay Vasiljevich (r. 1937), the Russian statesman, the lawyer. With 1981 in Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. With 1991 member of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation.

WITT Alexander Adolfovich (1902-38), Russian physics, the doctor of physical and mathematical sciences. The main transactionses under the theory of non-linear oscillations. One of writers of the classical book "Vibration theory" (2 izd., 1959). It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.

WITT (Witt) JAn de (1625-72), the actual governor of republic of Coherent provinces in 1650-1672 (with 1653 great pensionary), the protege of the Dutch merchant oligarchy. Has achieved discharge of princes Oranskih from steering of country and abolition of the position stathaudera. During popular uprising was rasterzan crowd.

VITTE Sergey Juljevich (1849-1915), columns (1905), the Russian statesman, the honorary member Petersburg AN (1893). Minister for ways of reports in 1892, the finance with 1892, the chairman of the Cabinet council with 1903, Council of Ministers in 1905-06. The initiator of introduction of winy monopoly (1894), realization of currency reform (1897), construction Siberian. d. Has signed the Portsmouth world (1905). The writer of the Manifest on October, 17 1905. Has developed original positions stolypinskoj an agrarian reform. Aspired to involve businessmen in cooperation to government. The writer of "Memories" (t. 1-3, 1960).

VITTE (Witte) Emmanjuel de (ok. 1617-92), the Netherlands painter. Conversations, interiors, the fish markets (" the Market in a port ", 1668-69) differ democracy of modes, freedom of a regional composition.

VITTEL (Vittel), a balneal health resort in France, to a southwest from Nancy.

VITTELSBAHI (Wittelsbacher), the southern - German stem setting in 1180-1918 in Bavaria. To stem Vittelsbahov emperor Lui IV Bavarian belonged.

WITTEN (Witten), city in Germany, ground the Sowing. Rhine - Vestfalija. 105 thousand inhabitants (1992). A machine industry, metallurgy, a chemical industry.

WITTENBERG (Ljutershtadt) (Wittenberg, Lutherstadt), city in Germany, ground Saxony - Anhalt, on r. Elba. 49,2 thousand inhabitants (1991). Chemical, rubber, electrical industry. University. For the first time it is mentioned in 1180. Since 13 century a residence of dukes Saksen-Wittenberg, then saxony kurfjurstov. In 16 century one of main centres Reformatsii (here in 1517 M.Luther has acted with the theses). A tomb and Luther museum.