VOLODIN (an ice-film. fam. Ivanov) Vladimir Sergeevich (1891-1958), the Russian actor of an operetta, the national actor of Russia (1947). In 1929-58 in Moskovsk a theatre of light opera. Acted in film. The state premium of the USSR (1951).

VOLOZHIN, city (with 1940) in Belarus, the Minsk region, in 17 kms from zh.-d. An item. Volozhin. 11,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). Maslosyrodelatelnyj factory.

PORTAGE... 1) a water-partite plot between verhovjami two rivers close concurrent in the headstreams on which in olden time dragged court at transition from one river in basin other.... 2) the Isthmus or a plot dry between two basins: the rivers - starving, the rivers - lakes. The portage had villages and cities (napr., Volokolamsk, Vyshny Volochek).

PORTAGE, the working instrument of a dual-chain drawbench; through an aperture in a portage (the drawing eye) treated metal is extended.

FIBERS NATURAL (fibers natural), textile fibers vegetative (napr., a cotton, a flux, hemp), animal (a wool, natural silk) and mineral (asbestos) of an origin, fit yarns for manufacturing.

FIBERS CHEMICAL, receive from products of a chemical processing of natural polymers (synthetic fiber) or from synthetic polymers (synfil). Manufacture (t. n. Forming) filaments chemical routinely consists of pressing a solution or a melt of polymer through apertures of a spinneret on medium which invokes induration of the derivated fine fibers. Such medium at forming from melts cool air, from solutions - hot air (a "dry" way) or a special solution, t ministers. n. A settling bath (a "wet" way). Monofilament yarns, a staple fibre or a bunch from flock of fine ends, coherent are issued by the way by twist.

FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS, the plastics materials consisting of a milled fibre, impregnated thermosetting synthetic resin. The fiber reinforced plastics keeping cottony or a chemical fiber, call organovoloknitami, glass - steklovoloknitami, asbestos - asbovoloknitami. Are applied in production which should oppose well to impulsive load, napr., bodies and covers of apparatuses, gear-wheels, barrels, building panels.

VOLOKOLAMSK, city in the Russian Federation, the Moscow region, on r. Gorodenka, bliz its lockins in r. A llama, in 4 kms from zh.-d. An item. Volokolamsk. 18,3 thousand inhabitants (1992). Weaving mill, litejno-mechanic factory; alimentary and other enterprises. It is known with 1135. In November 1941 in 7 kms from city, in area Dubosekovo have committed exploit 28 panfilovtsev. Voskresensky a cathedral (15 century), church of Christmas on Vozmishche (16 century). In 20 kms northward from Volokolamsk - Iosifo-Volokolamsky a monastery.

FIBER OPTICS, section opticians in which the illumination and a communication of information on optical waveguides are studied. Methods of a fiber optics are used in an optical interconnection, in medical devices (illumination of a nasopharynx, a stomach, etc.), in high-speed filming, in a nuclear physics (registration of racetracks of nuclear particles), in phototelegraphy and telemetry (code translators and latched systems), in computer facilities, soundman, etc.

The FIBER-OPTICS CABLE of COMMUNICATION, plumps on the basis of fibre-optical light guides; it is used in systems of an optical interconnection (over the range frequencies 1013 - 1015 Hz). It is defined by immunity to a different stem to handicapes, low loss. In systems of a multichannel communication allows to form hundred thousand voice channels.

SMOOTHING HARROW... 1) a farm implement for a presowing cultivation of soil (a bar smoothing harrow, a smoothing harrow - a spike harrow), selection of hay and straw from rolls (a rake smoothing harrow) or cleaning kopen straw (the cord coil or bezramochnaja, trailer or hinged).... 2) Beskolesnaja a carriage with the dragged cleaning cloth of the elongated thills.

VOLONTE Dzhan Maria (1933-1994), the italian actor. At kino with 1960. Has received popularity, being taken out in political films of miscellaneous genres. Politicizes and in life. Most the considerable activities: " Four days of Naples " N.Loja, 1962; " For a handful of dollars " S.Leone, 1964; " Seven brothers Sea-worms " K.Lidzani, 1968; " Business of the citizen outside of any suspicions " E.Petri, 1970; " the Christ has stayed in Eboli " F.Rozi, 1979, etc.

The VOLUNTEER (frants. volontaire) (ustar.), voluntarily proceeding on a military service.

VOLONTIR (Volontir) Mihaj (r. 1934), the Moldavian actor, the national actor of the USSR (1984). With 1957 in Beltskom theatre him. V.Aleksandri. It was taken out in films "Dmitry Kantemir", " In a zone of special attention ", a TV movie "Gipsy", etc.

VOLOPAS (an armour. Bootes), mia maid of Boreal hemisphere with bright aster Arkturom.

HAIR STONE, ornamental stone, diaphanous crystal with inclusions of needles of rutile, less often than a goethite.

HAIR STONES, class of worms of type nematelmintov. A body hair-like, length up to 1,5 m, depth of 0,5-2 mm (the national title - " an alive hair "). Ok. 300 kinds. Adult live loosely in water, larvas parasitize in a body of water Invertebrata, replacing in an evolutionary cycle of two hosts. To the person are harmless.

The HAIRY RHINOCEROS, extinct perissodactyl mammalian. Cable cores in serotinal Pleistocene in Europe and the Sowing. Asia. An altitude more than 2 m. The body has been coated with a heavy-bodied wool. Had 2 horns (forward in length up to 1 ì). Bones and even corpses of hairy rhinoceroses find in frozen grounds (Siberia), in hardening petroleum - native paraffine (Zap. Ukraine).

BLACK-EYED SUSAN, the same, that a sedge.

VOLOSNIK, silk shapochka for married Russian women (16-18 centuries), sometimes quilted, mounted under a waterwort or a scarf.