The VOTE (from an armour. votum - desire, will), the judgement expressed voting. In state law the vote of confidence - approval by parliament of activity of government. In a number of the foreign states at rendition of the non-confidence vote the government, as a rule, leaves in demission or the parliament (lower chamber) explodes the chief of state and advance parliamentary elections are carried out.

VOTCHAL Eugeny Filatovich (1864-1937), the physiologist of plants, the founder of the Ukrainian scientific school, academician AN of Ukraine (1921). The main transactionses on motion of water in trees, an electrophysiology of plants, private physiology of sugar-beet.

ANCESTRAL LANDS... 1) the most ancient kind of a land property in Russia passing by right of succession. Has arisen in 10-11 centuries (princely, seignioral, conventual), in 13-15 centuries a prevailing land tenure. With kon. 15 century stood up to to a manor with which approached in 16-17 centuries and in nach. 18 century has drained in one kind - a manor. Hereinafter an ancestral lands - any feudal land property.... 2) the Term used in the Russian historical literature for notation of a complex of a feudal land property and bound with it of rights to dependent peasants. As a rule, it was divided into a domonical economy (domain) and country derzhanija. Within the limits of an ancestral lands to its proprietor (possessing the right of immunity) belonged administrative and the judicial authority, the right of levy. Synonyms of an ancestral lands - senjorija, the manor, a manor.

VOTCHINNAJA the INDUSTRY, industrial enterprises in Russia, forming by landowners in the manors on the basis of the serf of transactionses.

VOTCHINNAJA the THEORY, system of views of historians (primarily 2-nd floor. 19 - nach. 20 centuries), retracted to a medieval Western-European ancestral lands defining role in socio economic, political, cultural life of a Middle Ages. Representatives: Fjustel de Kulanzh, Sibom, etc. (for them an ancestral lands - one of initial institutes of a human society), Imana-SHternegg, Lamprehe, etc. (combined votchinnuju the theory with elements of the communal theory).

VOTCHINNYJ COURT, court of the master of an ancestral lands above the serfs (in Russia since 16 century before cancellation of serfdom in 1861).

VOTJAKI, the obsolete title of Udmurts.

IN - TSJUAN, in the Chinese mythology wise starets, aware of medicines of longevity and immortality. Lives in mountains, the body of it is coated with a wool.

VOSHERIJA, a stem of yellow-green algae. A thallome by the way filaments of a noncellular structure. Ok. 60 kinds, at the bottom of fresh water reservoirs, less often than seas, on crude soil.

VOSHCHAK JAroslav Antonovich (1921-89), the Byelorussian conductor, the national actor of the USSR (1979). With 1953 main conductor of opera theatres of Lvov, Odessas, Voronezh, Kazan. With 1972 main conductor, with 1980 conductor of the Byelorussian theatre of opera and ballet.

WAX CLOTH, Byelorussian ãðàâåðû:... 1) Maxim Jarmolinich (? - 1708), the chalcographer, headed a printing house Mogilyov Bogojavlenskogo brotherhoods (23 gravures for the book " Akathists and canons ", 1693).... 2) Vasily Maksimovich, son Maxim Jarmolinicha. Worked in Mogilyov in 1694-1730. A xylographer (leafs "John Damascene", "Christmas" â "Osmoglasnike", 1730).

WAXED Vasily, the chief of revolt of peasants and poors 1740-44 in Belarus. Has declared itself grandson Bogdana Khmelnitskiy. After rout of revolt by a troops of Polish king ran to Ukraine.

FOUNDATION, the thin waxen leafs with squeezed out 6-coal bedplates of a honey-bee family of cells. It is produced at factories on a thorough revision of waxen raw material. It is fixed in a frame which is interposed into a beehive that gear ups construction of honeycomb by bees.

"VOYAGER" (English Voyager, characters. - the traveller), the American space vehicle for probes of long-distance planets of the Solar system. Mass of 733 kg. Are started "Voyager - 1" è "Voyager - 2" (1977). Probes from a drift trajectory of the Jove, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune are conducted.

VOYAGE (frants. voyage), trip, traveling (obsolete or ironical).

VOJACHEK Vladimir Ignatjevich (1876-1971), Russian otorinolaringolog, the founder of scientific school, academician AMN (1944), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1961), the general - lieutenant of a medical service (1943). The main transactionses on physiology, a pathology and research techniques of an internal ear and surgical treatment of his diseases, on an air medicine.

HOLLOWS, kickdowns of a surface within the limits of a dry matter, and also a bottom of oceans and seas, mostly tectonic an origin.

"FORWARDS", bolshevistskoe legal publishing house, 1906-07, Saint Petersburg. It is routed by police.

"FORWARDS"... 1) first bolshevistskaja the weekly newspaper, Geneva, 22.12.1904 (4.1.1905) - 5.5.1905, 18 numbers. An organ of Office of committees of the majority. Edition was headed by V.I.Lenin.... 2) Legal bolshevistskaja the daily newspaper, Saint Petersburg, 26.5 (8.6) - 14.6.1906, 17 numbers. Preemnitsa - the newspaper "Echo".... 3) Bolshevistskaja the clandestine working newspaper, Vyborg, 10.9.1906-19.1..1908, 20 numbers.