BRETIANU (Bratianu) Jon Junior (1864-1927), the chairman of Council of Ministers of Romania in 1908-11, 1914-19 (with a rest in 1918), 1922-26, 1927. With 1909 leader Natsional-liberal. One of organizers of capture (1918) Bessarabias, interventions against the Hungarian Soviet republic 1919.

BRETIANU (Bratianu) (Bratianu) Jon the Higher (1821-91), the chairman of Council of Ministers of Romania in 1876-88 (with a rest in 1881). The participant of " the Monstrous coalition ", with 1875 leader Natsional-liberal. Government Bretianu has proclaimed (1877) independence of the Romanian state of Turkey, has joined (1883) Romania to the Tripartite alliance 1882.

BRUGGE (flam. - Brugge, frants. - Brugts), city in Belgium, on Boreal pest, an administrative centre prov. Zap. Flanders. 117 thousand inhabitants (1992). A traffic centre; seaport (fore bays on Boreal m. - Zebrjugge and Ostende), a unit of shipping canals: Brugge - Zebrjugge, Brugge of Ostende, Brugge - Gent. A metal-working, machine-building, chemical, flavoring, textile industry, manufacture of laces. A museum of the Netherlands art. Municipal art passageway. It is known from 7 century. In 11-14 centuries one of the centres of shop handcraft largest in Europe and international trade. Gothic cloth numbers{series} (13-14 centuries) with a urban tower (13-15 centuries). Church Onze-live-Vrauekerk (13-16 centuries; with "Madonna" Mikelandzhelo).

" BRJUGGSKAJA the TENEBRAE ", revolt (on the night of May, 18 1302) handicraftsmen of Brugge against the French king Phillip IV who in 1300 has trapped Flanders; a signal to the overall revolt finishing with the French domination on a large part of Flanders.

TROUSERS (Bruck) Charles (r. 1911), the French conductor. The participant of movement of Resistance. In 1950-54 conductor of the Netherlands opera, with 1955 - an orchestra of the Wireless in Strasbure, in 1965-70 - the Philharmonic orchestra of the French wireless and a television.

SWEDE, biennial herbaceous plant of a stem cabbage of a set of a cruciferae family. Cultivate a swede a dining room and feed, in Europe, the Sowing. To America, the Sowing. To Africa; in the Russian Federation predominary in the Non-chernozem zone of the European part.

BRJUKNER (Bruckner) Alexander (1856-1939), Polish jazykoved and the literary critic, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1889). Transactionses on a history of Polish tongue and the literature. The main{basic} transactionses " the Etymological dictionary of Polish tongue " (1927).

BRYULLOV Alexander Pavlovich (1798-1877), the Russian architect, the representative of a serotinal{late} classicism. Brother K.P.Bryullov. Buildings of former headquarters of a Guards body (1837-43) on the Palace square in Saint Petersburg, Pulkovskoj observatories (1834-39); in a number{series} of activities used stylistics of the Gothic architecture.

BRJUMER (frants. brumaire, from brume - a fog{mist}), 2-nd month (on October, 22/23 November) the French republican calendar (1793-1805).

BRJUNETER (Brunetiere) Ferdinand (1849-1906), the French critic, the historian and the theorist of the literature. Changeover of literary directions and aesthetic tastes explained art aspirations of the creative person (" the History of the French literature of the classical season{term} ", 1904-12).

BRJUNING (Bruning) Genrih (1885-1970), German rejhskantsler in 1930-32, the representative of a roman catholic consignment of "Center". In 1934 has emigrated in the USA.

BRJUNSVIK (Brunschvicg) Leon (1869-1944), the French philosopher, the representative t. n. Critical rationalism. Asserted{approved} necessity of use for philosophy of a scientific method, expounding it{him} as activity of reason independent of the objective world.

BRUCE Robert (1274-1329), the Scottish king with 1306. In 1314 has divided the English army at place Bannokbern. In 1328 has achieved from England confession of independence of Scotland.

BRUCE William (1867-1921), the Scottish seafarer and the doctor. In 1892-93 and 1902-04 led oceanologic probes in m. Ueddella, has discovered Coats land in Antarctica. The writer of the design transantarkticheskogo transition from m. Ueddella to m. Rossa (has executed V.Fuks in 1957-58).

BRUCE Jacob Vilimovich (1670-1735), columns, the Russian state and military figure, spodvizhnik Peter I, the senator, president Berg and Manufactories - boards (1717), general - field marshal (1726). The participant of the Crimean and Azov marchings 80-90-Õ of 17 century and Boreal war 1700-21. Transferred{translated} foreign books, knew the Moscow civil printing house. His{its} name calls a civil calendar 1709-15.

BRYUSOV Alexander Jakovlevich (1885-1966), the archeologist, the doctor of historical sciences. Brother V.J.Bryusov. Transactionses on epoch of a neolith and bronze.

BRYUSOV Valery Jakovlevich (1873-1924), the Russian poet. The founder of Russian symbolism. A historical and cultural problematics, rationalism, a completeness of modes{images}, deklamatsionnyj build (books of verses " Tertia Vigilia " - " the Third sentinel ", 1900; " Urbi et Orbi " - " to City and the world ", 1903; "???????? " - "Wreath", 1906). Historical novels: " the Igneous angel " (1908), " the Altar of victory " (1913). After October revolution led public - pedagogical activity. Literary criticism. Transactionses on prosody.