BURBON (Bourbon) Charles (1490-1527), duke, konnetabl France with 1514. In Italian wars 1494-1559 French troops under his{its} command have gained in 1515 victory for Marinjano. With 1524 combated on the party of emperor Charles V, in 1525 at Pavia has taken prisoner the French king of Francis I.

BURBONNE (Bourbonnais), historical range in a central part of France, in a bass. Loire. In terrain Burbonne - department Alje. 7 thousand êì2. The population of 358 thousand person (1990). Main city - Mulen.

BURBONS (frants. Bourbons, isp. Borbones, ital. Borboni), a royal dynasty in France in 1589-1792, 1814-15, 1815-30 (the most known representatives: Genrih IV, Lui XIV, Lui XVI, Lui XVIII); in Spain in 1700-1808, 1814-68, 1874-1931 and with 1975 (the beginning of a spanish branch grandson Lui XIV - Phillip V has put); in Two Sicilies in 1735-1805, 1814-60 (an ancestor of this branch son Phillip V - Charles IV).

BURBULIS Gennady Eduardovich (1945), the Russian statesman. In 1981-89 on teaching and administrative activity. Since June 1991 State secretary of the Russian Federation - the secretary of the Council of state at the president of the Russian Federation, it is simultaneous since November 1991 - April 1992 1-st vice-president of government of the Russian Federation. Since May 1992 state secretary at the president of the Russian Federation. With 1993 president of the humanitarian and political centre "Strategy".

BURVIL (Bourvil) (an ice-film. A name and fam. Andre Rembur, Raimbourg) (1917-70), the French film actor. The scalene master, with success played both drama, and comic roles. It was taken out in films: " All gold of the world ", " Through Paris ", "Cast-off", " Noel Fortjuna ", " Major walk ", " the Red circle ", etc.

BURG (pozdnelat. burgus), 1) in Zap. To Europe in Middle Ages - the clasp, reinforced point... 2) the Urban administrative and territorial unit in Scotland.

BURGAVE (Burhave) (Boerhaave) Hermann (1668-1738), the Netherlands doctor, botanik and the chemist, the founder t. n. The Leyden medical school, the first scientific clinic. Attempted to link anatomy and physiology to a hands-on experience. The writer of a guiding of " the Grounding of chemistry " (t. 1-2, 1732).

BURGAS, city and port in Bulgaria, on Black m., administrative centre Burgasskoj of range. 212 thousand inhabitants (1992). An international airport. Alimentary, textile, a machine industry. In area of Burgas - petrochemical combine. Fishery. In area of Burgas - a resort zone (the Solar Shore, Nesebyr), balneogrjazevoj health resort Burgaski-Mineralni-Bani.

BURGGRAF (a nem. Burggraf), the official assigned by king (or diocesan - the seigneur of city) in the German medieval cities (originally in burgah). Burggrafy had administrative, military, the judicial authority.

BURGIBA Habib (r. 1903), the president of Tunis in 1957-87. The secretary general (1934-38), the chairman (1938-87) Socialist desturovskoj consignments. In 1956-69 head of government.

BURGINONY, see in an item. Armanjaki and Burginjony.

The BURGOMASTER (a nem. Burgermeister), the chapter of institutions of local government in a number{series} of the states (Germany, Belgium, etc.). The position of the burgomaster has arisen in Zap. To Europe in 16-17 centuries.

BURGOS (Burgos), city in the Sowing. Spain, an administrative centre prov. Burgos. 164 thousand inhabitants (1990). Textile, chemical, a woodworking industry. It is based in kon. 9 century. In 10 century the centre of like county. In 11-13 centuries a residence kastilskih kings. A cathedral (13 century, 14-16 centuries), church of monastery Miraflores (15 century), palace Kasa del the Cordon (kon. 15 century).

"BURGTEATR" (Burgtheater), the Austrian drama theatre. It is built in 1741 in Vienna (up to 1810 also opera). In the basis{fundamentals} of repertoir classical dramatic art, plays of modern writers (on the scene of branch).

The BURGUNDIAN WARS 1474-77, were led by Switzerland and Lorraine (which sustained and France subsidized) against the Burgundian duke Charles Smelogo, aspiring{trying} to trap Lorraine and other grounds that prevented{stirred} consolidation of the French state. In decisive battle at Nancy (1477) burgundians have been battered, Charles Smelyj is killed. Possessions of the Burgundian dukes separated between France and Gabsburgami (received the Netherlands possessions).

" The BURGUNDIAN HOTEL " (Hotel de Bourgogne), the French drama theatre. It is built in 1548 in Paris. One of three theatres becoming in 1680 basis{fundamentals} of theatre " Komedi Fransez ".

BURGUNDY, the German nation. Have formed kingdoms: in a bass. Rhein - in nach. 5 century (it is conquered gunnami in 436), in a bass. Rhone - in it is grey. 5 century (in 534 it is conquered by francs). From burgundov there was a title Burgundy.