BUSH (Busch) Hans (1884-1973), german physics, the founder of electron optics. Has discovered (1926) focusing action of a magnetic field on charged particles and has developed a magnetic electron lens.

BUSH (Busch) Ernest (1885-1945), the german commander, general - field marshal (1943). In 2-¯ world war by commanding 16-th army in the French campaign and on the sovetsko-German front, in 1943-44 - the formation army " Center " on the sovetsko-German front, in 1945 - a troops in northwest of Germany.

BUSH Ernest (1900-80), the german singer. The initiator of revolutionary and working songs. Cooperated to B.Brecht. The prisoner of fascist concentration camps and prisons. In 1950-60 actor of theatre " Berliner band ". The international Lenin premium (1972).

BUSHARDA (Bouchardat) Gjustav (1842-1918), the French chemist. The main{basic} transactionses on terpenes and Saccharums. For the first time has received a synthetic rubber-like product from isoprene.

BUSHVELDSKY the COMPLEX (Bushveld), a large intrusive mass (lopolit; ok. 67 thousand êì2) with unique on reserves deposits of platinum and a chromium; in terrain of the republic of South Africa (prov. Transvaal). Development with 1919. Reserves Pt of 62,5 thousand t, chromites ok. 3 billion t, V2O5 7,8 million t, Au 1100 t, Ni 23 million t, Cu 10 million t.

BOUCHEE (Boucher) Jean (1476-1557 or 1559), the French writer. Friend F.Rable, belonged to school " great ritorov " (literary school kon. 15 - it is grey. 16 centuries, cultivating difficultly organized form of product{creation}). Allegory " the Labyrinth of Fate " (1522), the collection " Messages instructive and family " (1545).

BOUCHEE (Boucher) Francois (1703-70), the French painter. The representative of a rococo. The decorative graceful mythological and pastoral scenes, landscapes, sketches for trellises.

BOUCHEE (Boucher) Francois (1885-1966), the French historian of a costume{suit}. The honorary director of the Museum the Carnival in Paris, the director of the centre on study of a costume{suit}, the writer of probe " the History of a Western-European costume{suit} " (1966).

BUSHEL (English bushel), a volume measure of liquids and loose substances in system of the English measures. 1 bushel (British) = 36,3687 dm3, 1 bushel (USA) = 35,2393 dm3.

PILOT JACKET, 1) a kind{view} of a service dress of mariners and junior commanders in the Russian VTR - a d.b. cloth black jacket... 2) the Winter work wear of ordinary ammunition warehouses of Russian army in kon. 19 - nach. 20 vv... 3) the Kapok pilot jacket - the personal life preserver used in a number{series} of a VTR, - stegannaja on kapoke (not water wet fibers{filaments} of fruits of a tropical tree) a jacket; it is substituted by an air rubber waistcoat.

BUSHMEJSTER (surukuku), the snake of a set jamkogolovyh. Length up to 3,7 m (among adders - second-largest in a world fauna). In equatorial America, in the wet tropical forests, it is routine near to water. It is awake at night. JAjtsekladushch. Number in many areas is reduced.

BUSHMENSKAJA STRAIN (juzhnoafrikanskaja the strain), enters in major equatorial (negro-avstraloidnuju) strain. The leather, fine-bored naze, rather flat face and an impressed bridge, epikantus, events of a steatopyga are characteristic very low growth, more light, than for other negroidov. It is distributed in a southeast of Africa (bushmeny). Some anthropologists consider bushmenskuju strain as one of major strains of mankind.

BUSHMENSKIE TONGUES, family kojsanskih tongues. Basic groups: kung, ngusan, auni, khomani, hadza (hatsa). Unwritten.

BUSHMENY (from niderl. bosjesman, characters. - the wood person), people, aboriginal population JUzh. And Vost. Africa. Are extruded in 16-19 centuries by peoples to a bow in desert areas of Namibia (85 thousand person, 1992), Botswana (35 thousand person), Angola (8 thousand person) and Zimbabwe (1 thousand person). Fall into bushmenskoj to strain. Tongues bushmenskie. Save traditional convictions.

BUSHMIN Alexey Sergeevich (1910-83), the Russian literary critic, academician AN the USSR (1979). Books about M.E.Saltykove-ShChedrine, A.A.Fadeeve, on a methodology of literary criticism.

BUSHNOV Michael Ilyich (r. 1923), the Russian actor, the national actor of the USSR (1985). On the scene with 1951. With 1962 at the Rostov - na-Donu theatre of a drama him{it}. M.Gorkogo.

BOWSPRIT (from English bowsprit), the horizontal or slope balk supporting a stem of a sailing vessel. Ministers primarily for fastening nose flags.

BUSHUEV Konstantin Davidovich (1914-78), the Russian scientist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1960), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1957). The main{basic} transactionses on applied{economic} dynamics{changes}, the failure theory. The Soviet technical director of design EPAS. The lenin premium (1960), State premiums of the USSR (1951, 1976).

BUENAVENTURA (Buenaventura), city and a main port of Columbia, on Quiet ok. 174 thousand inhabitants (1992). Manufacture of a tannin extract. It is based in 1540.

BUENOS-AJRES, capital of Argentina. In official borders{limits} - a federal metropolitan district. 2,96 million inhabitants (1991), with suburbs 11,8 million inhabitants. The largest traffic centre and seaport of country (freight turnover 20 million t annually). International airport Esejsa. The main{basic} industrial centre (over 50 % of cost of an industrial output of country). Machine-building, oil refining, chemical, mild, a food-processing industry. Underground railway. Universities. AN, the National historical museum, an ethnographic museum, etc. Opera theatre " Colon " - the largest in Latin America. It is based in 1536 (under other data, in 1535). With 1776 capital of a vice-kingdom La Plata, in 1816-26 - Consolidated provinces La Plata, with 1880 official capital of Republic Argentina. Churches of 18 century, ceremonial mains kon. 19-20 centuries.