VANAHALBY, in the Estonian mythology evil spirits the woods analogous slavonic leshemu.

VANGENGEJM Alexey Feodosjevich (1881-1942), the Russian meteorologist. The organizer and the first chief (1929-35) Hydrometeorological services of the USSR; the organizer (1930) Weather bureaus of the USSR (nowadays Roskomgidromet).

VANDALISM, wanton destruction cultural and material assets.

VANDALS, group of the German nations. In 429-439 have conquered the Sowing. Africa also have based rannefeodalnoe a kingdom. In 455 have plundered Rome, have deleted many monuments of an ancient art. To 534 state of vandals it is conquered by Byzantium.

VAN - DE-GRAAFA the GENERATOR, see in an item. The electrostatic generator.

VANDEJSKIE WARS, governments of France against rebels - royalists in western provinces of country during Great French revolution and the Directory. The title on department Vendee - to the main locus in 1793. Alongside with nobility and clergy in rebelions the part of peasantry participat. Culminations Vandejskie of war have reached{achieved} in 1793. The considerable sequence Vandejskih of wars - Kiberonskaja expedition 1795.

VANDEMER (from an armour. vindemia - a vintage), 1-st month (on September, 22/23 - on October, 21/22) the French republican calendar (1793-1805).

VANDEMERSKY REBELION, armed performance{statement} of the French royalists (aspiring{trying} to reduce a monarchy) in Paris on October, 3-5 (11-13 vandemjera) 1795. It is suppressed{quenched} by the general Napoleon Bonaparte.

VANDER (Wander) Charles Fridrih Wilhelm (1803-79), the german teacher. Supported building unified school for children of all estates. Transactionses on theories of pedagogics and tutorials.

VAN - DER-VAALSA an EQUATION offered J.D.Van-der-Vaalsom (1873), the equation of state of real gas which is taking into account an extremity of volume of molecules and availability of intermolecular attractive forces; for one asking looks like: (p+a/V2) (V-b) V = RT, where: p - pressure, V - molar volume, T - absolute temperature, R - gas constant, a and b - the stationary values defining interaction of molecules of the given substance.

VAN - DER-VAALSOVY FORCES, intermolecular forces.

VANDERVELDE (Vandervelde) Emil (1866-1938), the Belgian socialist, the reformist. With 1900 chairman of International socialist office of 2-nd Internatsionala. A member of Parliament with 1894. In 1914 has come in government and up to 1937 repeatedly was minister (foreign businesses, justicia, etc.).

VENDEE, department in the west France, the centre royalist mjatezhej in the season{term} of Great French revolution and the Directory.

VANDOMSKAJA the COLUMN, on Vandomskoj a square. Paris, content in 1806-10 (architects Z.B.Leper and Z.Gonduen) in honour of victories of Napoleon I. According to the decree of the Commune of Paris 1871 it eroded as a numeral of militarism. It recovered{restored} in 1875.

VANDRIES ZHozef (1875-1960), French jazykoved. Activities on general and indoevropejskomu to linguistics, latin, Grecian, to the Celtic tongues. The adherent t. n. Sociological school.

"VANEMUJNE" (Vanemuine), see. Estonian theatre " Âàíåìóéíå ".

VANI, city (with 1981) in Georgia, in 19 kms from zh.-d. Unit Samtredia. 6,7 thousand inhabitants (1991). A food-processing industry. A clothing factory. Theatre. A study of local lore museum. Residues of antique city (5-1 centuries up to n. e.): shore fortifications, cultural complexes, affluent burials, etc.

VANI, in Japanese mythology the marine godhood in appearance of the crocodile or a shark, dangerous for people.

VANILLIN, 3-CH3O-4-HOC6H3CHO, colourless crystals with a specific odor; tïë 81-83 °C. It is contained in fruits of vanilla. Synthesize from a guaiacol and the lignin. A vanillin - odorous substance in an alimentary and perfumery industry. His{its} mix with a powdered sugar (1:100) calls as vanilla sugar.