VENDSKAJA the MANDATORY POWER, the state polabskih slavs and pomorjan in 40th of 11 century - 1-st thirds of 12 century led by bodrichami.

VENEV, city (with 1777) in the Russian Federation, the Tula region. A depot. 14,8 thousand inhabitants (1992). Factory of diamond tool. It is known with 1400. Bliz Veneva - production of brown coal.

VENEVITINOV Dmitry Vladimirovich (1805-27), the Russian poet. The romantic poetry is packed with philosophical motives in spirit shellingianstva. Literary - critiques.

VENEDIKTOV Anatoly Vasiljevich (1887-1959), the Russian lawyer, academician AN the USSR (1958). Transactionses on problems of a state property. The state premium of the USSR (1949).

VENEDIKTOV Lion Nikolaevich (r. 1924), the Ukrainian choral conductor, the national actor of the USSR (1979). In 1941-54 chorus master of different bands songs and dancings, with 1954 chorus master, with 1972 main chorus master of the Ukrainian theatre of opera and ballet (Kiev). The professor of the Kiev conservatory (with 1979).

VENUS, in Roman mythology originally the goddess of spring and gardens, afterwards was identified with the Grecian goddess the Aphrodite and honored as the goddess of love and beauty.

VENUS, planet, mean distance from the Sun 0,72 and. e., cycle time 224,7 sut, rotations 243 sut, mean radius of 6050 kms, mass of 4,9.1024 kg. An atmosphere: CO2 (97 %), N2 (ok. 3 %), H2O (0,05 %), impurity{additives} CO, SO2, HCl, HF. Temperature for a surface ok. 750 To, pressure ok. 107 Pa, or 100 at. On a surface of Venus mountains, craters, stones are found. Surface breeds of Venus are close on structure to earth sedimentary rocks.

"VENUS", a series of the Soviet interplanetary space vehicles for study of a planet Venus and space; the program of their development and start. A maximum lift-off mass ok. 5 t. The first start in 1961; "Venus - 4" has made the first direct probes of a Venus atmosphere (1967), "Venus - 7" - the first mild planting to Venus (1970). "Venus - 9" - the first filming of a surface of Venus (1975). In 1961-83 16 "Venus" are started.

VENUS MILOSSKAJA, the conventional title of the Grecian mottled statue of the goddess of love of the Aphrodite (it is grey. 2 century up to n. e.). It is retrieved on about. Melos (JUzh. Greece). Now remains deposited in the Louvre.

VENERIN BASHMACHOK, in botanik - a plant of a stem bashmachok.

VENERINA the FLYTRAP, in botany - an entomophagous plant from a stem dioneja.

VENEREAL DISEASES, contagions which are transmitted primarily by a sexual way: a lues, a gonorrhea, a venereal ulcer, an inguinal lymphogranulomatosis, etc. Vnepolovoe infection (through kisses, general ware, a constant wear garment, etc.) is supervised rarely.

VENERN, lake in the south of Sweden. 5,5 thousand êì2, depth up to 100 m, is a lot of islands. From Venerna escapes r. Geta-Elv. Navigation (Venern - a part of the Geta-channel). Primary ports - Karlstad, Mariestad, Venersborg.

VENEROLOGY, the section of clinical medicine investigator the causes (including social), mechanisms of development, a development, methods of diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of venereal diseases.

VENESSEN (Venaissin), historical range in a southeast of France, see. Kont - Venessen.

VENEZUELA, Republic Venezuela (Republica de Venezuela), the state in north JUzh. America. 916,4 thousand êì2. The population 20,7 million person (1993), primarily venesueltsy. A urban population of 84 % (1990). The official language - spanish. A large part of believers - roman catholics. Venezuela - federation in structure 21 staffs, 1 federal terrain, a federal district and federal possessions. Capital - Caracas. The chief of state and governments - the president. The body of legislation - a two-chamber National congress (chamber of deputies and a senate). In a central part - lowland r. Orinoco, in a north and northwest - the Caribbean Andes, hr. Kordiljera-de-Merida (an altitude up to 5007 m, pico Bolivar), Sierra - de-Periha, in a southeast - a part of Guiana highlands. A climate subequatorial. Monthly mean temperatures 25-29 °S. A rainfall from 280 in northwest up to 3000 mm annually on downslopes Cordilleras - de-Merida. The rivers bass. Orinoco. Large a lake - lagoon of Maracaibo. The wet and peremenno the wet tropical forest, savannahs, dry a thin forest. Under a wood of 53 % of terrain of Venezuela. National parks Kanajma, Serranija-la-Neblina, Haua-Sarisarinama, etc. In an antiquity the terrain of Venezuela was populated by Indians. In 16 century. Venezuela is conquered spanish konkistadorami, spreading feodalno-krepostnicheskie attitudes{relations} with use of a slave labour of Negros imported from Africa. In 1821 as a result of War for independence of spanish colonys in America 1810-26 spanish domination has been liquidated, cancelled servitude (finally in 1854). In 1819-30 Venezuela was part of republic Great Columbia. In 1830 the republic Venezuela has been derivated. With development in 20 century an oil industry began penetration into Venezuela of the capital the USA which within 2-nd world war almost completely monopolized production and petroleum refining in Venezuela. With kon. 40 up to kon. 60th for an authority were dictatorial regimes. With kon. 60th. There was a transition to the democratic form of government in conditions of actually usual bipartisanship: consignments - Democratic action (it is built in 1941) and the Sotsial-Christian consignment - KOPEJ (is built in 1946). The basis{fundamentals} of economy of Venezuela - an oil industry (a crude production 770 million t in 1990). A lobe in a runway (1991, %) a mineral industry 18 treating{processing} 22, agriculture 5. The main{basic} areas of oil extracting - an eskar. Maracaibo, a shelf of the Caribbean m. Get{procure} also a natural gas (17,8 billion in m3, 1990), iron oxide (19,9 million t, 1991), mineral coal, gold, diamonds. Manufacture of the electric power 61 billion kVt.ch (1990), over 1/2 on a river plant. Are most developed oil refining, chemical and a petrochemical industry, iron and steel industry, an autostructure. A large flavoring, textile industry. In an agriculture the large landholding prevails{dominates}. The main{basic} agricultural crops: Corn, pod-bearing plants, coffee, cocoa, cane. In animal husbandry - cultivation of a large horned stock, ovets and she-goats. Preparations of tropical wood. Fishery. Length (1991) railways of 336 kms, motorways of 101 thousand in km. The tonnage of a marine merchant marine fleet of 970 thousand register gross tons (1986). Main petroleum ports - Ac - Salina, Puerto Cabello, Maracaibo, Amuaj, the Punta-cardoon. St. 9/10 export - petroleum and petroleum. The main{basic} foreign trade partners: the USA, Brazil, Germany, Italy, Japan. Monetary unit - a bolivar.

The VENEZUELAN BAY (Maracaibo), bay of the Caribbean m., for coasts of Venezuela. Length of 231 kms, width for an orifice of 98 kms, depth of 18-71 m. In the south by a channel it is bridged about an eskar. Maracaibo. A port - Punto-Fiho.

VENESUELTSY, people, the main{basic} population of Venezuela (17,3 million person). An aggregate number 17,4 million person (1992). Ok. 80 % - mongrels, mulattoes, sambo-wrestling, ok. 5 % - Negros. Tongue spanish. Roman catholics believing main{basic}.

VENETSKY the TONGUE, a separate branch indoevropejkoj families of tongues. Monuments of writing (ok. 250) - posvjatitelnye and gravestone inscriptions a part on adapted severoetrusskom the alphabet with add-on of the Grecian marks, a part the latin letter (6-1 centuries up to n. e.).

VENETY, 1) group of nations, naseljavshih in an antiquity boreal shore of the Adriatic m., to north-east from r. On; the problem on an origin is not decided. 2) the Celtic nation, pokorennoe Caesar during gallic marchings 58-51 up to n. e. 3) Venety (is more often venedy, vendy) - a western branch of slavonic nations.