VERESH (Veres) Peter (1897-1970), the Hungarian writer. Stories, the story "Lean year" (1942), the trilogy " the History of family Balog " (1950-57) about country poor.

VERESHMARTI Mihaj (1800-1855), the Hungarian poet - romantik. Adherent L.Koshuta during Revolution 1848-49 in Hungary. Epicheskaja a poem " Escape behavior Zalana " (1825), a play - fairy tale " CHongor and Tjunde " (1831), a drama " Bloody wedding " (1833), verses.

VERESCHAGIN Vasily Vasiljevich (1842-1904), the Russian painter. Was close to peredvizhnikam. In truthful battle patterns on themes of war in Turkestan (1871-74), Domestic war 1812 (1887-1904) has shown broad masses as a mainspring of military events, from democratic items convicted aggressive wars. Has perished at explosion of the armadillo "Petropavlovsk" in Port Arthur. VERESCHAGIN Vasily Vasiljevich [on October, 14 (26) 1842, Cherepovets - on March, 31 (on April, 13) 1904, Port Arthur, nowadays Ljujshan], the Russian artist. The largest master of a battle genre in Russian painting 19 century. Years of the doctrine the Native of family of the landowner, in 1850-60 studied in the Petersburg Military school, having ended it{him} in a peavine of a naval middy. Floated in 1858-59 on a frigate "Kamchatka" and other ships{spacecrafts} to Denmark, France, England. Having refused pits of the naval officer, in 1860 has acted{arrived} in the Petersburg Academy of arts, but, unsatisfied a conservative system of teaching, has kept her{it} in 1863. Having arrived to Paris in 1864, uses advices{councils} ZH.-L. ZHeroma, visiting his{its} workshop at School of fine arts. With major sympathy falls into to Company of movable art exhibitions, participating in their expositions. Travelings the Tireless traveller, Vereschagin went{drove} across Russia, to Caucasus, to Crimea, to Danube, in Zap. Europe, Turkestan (1867-68, 1869-70) doubly has visited; participating in colonial marchings of Russian troops, doubly was in India (1874-76, 1882). In 1877-78 participat in russko-turkish war on the Balkans, in 1884 has visited Syria and Palestine, in 1888-89 (and also 1902) the USA, in 1901 - Philippines, in 1902 - Cuba, in 1903 - Japan. Travelling impressions have underlain uncountable etudes and patterns which were composed routinely for Vereschagin in major cycles. " A Turkestani series " to Landscapes and conversations of the artist is peculiar ethnographic survey accuracy, romantic delight before diversiform beauty of universe and a household activities of peoples populating it{him}. On the contrary, Vereschagin battle compositions are secreted with the rigid critical realism that answers a general tendency of from - art of 2-nd half of 19 century which all passes from bravura more resolutely, klassitsistsko-romantic " triumphes of winners " to naturalisticheski to frank modes{images} tragical " a reverse of war ". So, well-known " a Turkestani series " Vereschagin (1869-73), being the picturesque annals of the Russian seizure of Central Asia, is not denuded propaganda imperial ambitions (as the artist would like to underline valour Russian and, on the contrary, "barbarity" and " sadisticheskuju cruelty " the opponent); but as a whole patterns, their zheltovato-brown colour absorbing in respiration of desert, are penetrated by feeling of a hopelessness and temporality. The famous cloth of a series, " Deification of war " (1870-71, Tretjakovskaja passageway), - with a pile of skulls on a background of arid, insipid horizons, - is supplied with an eloquent inscription on a frame: " It is devoted to all great conquerors: elapsed{past}, present and the future ". " Indian "¿" Balkan " a series After traveling across India Vereschagin (basically in 1876) creates " an indian series " - with inking ethnographic motives, and also exposing (in a context of the Russian - English geopolitical contest) scenes of the English colonial expansion. In 1878-80 " the Balkan series ", dedicated is written to russko-turkish war. Sympathies to the Bulgarian people which is suffering affliction under a yoke of Ottoman empire, do not prevent{stir} the artist to figure fields of battles without any geroiko-pathetic glaze, in all their killing horror. Especially the strong impression on contemporaries was made with a pattern " Defeated. A funeral service " (1878-79, in the same place) where under the overcast root the whole field of corpses is spread, prisypannyh only a flake of ground. " Napoleon in Russia " From a consequent series of the artist used the greatest popularity a cycle " Napoleon in Russia " (1899-1900), on themes of Domestic war 1812 years where, despite of a great skill of picture direction, top part nevertheless take bravura effects some kind of " historical opera ". In 1880th. Vereschagin not time reverted to gospel motives, treating and them with the severe naturalism disregarding all customary canons (patterns on the subject of Golgothas) .Obshchestvennyj a resonance In 1870-90-Ñ of an exhibition of Vereschagin in Russia and behind its{her} limits invoke{produce} a stormy public resonance. For the fixed season{term} he becomes the most popular Russian artist abroad, rendering major influence on development of international pacifist movement. In Russia about a nem such given away representatives of liberal intelligency, as critic V.V.Stasov and writer V.M.Garshin enthusiastically respond. Last finds in his{its} modes{images} terrible prophesy, considering, that horrors figured here " vspomjanutsja chrez is a lot of flying / Per day terrible troubles! " (" On Vereschagin first display of paintings ", 1874) .Ostro feeling the temperament of the artist - publicist case-hardened pulse of time, the master again and again directs in hot spots of a planet and perishes during russko-Japanese war, in Port Arthur, at explosion of the armadillo "Petropavlovsk" .V Cherepovets there is Vereschagin dwelling - museum. Ñî÷èíåíèÿ:Èçáðàííûå letters. Ì., 1891. On war in Asia and Europe: Memories. Ì., 1894. Ëèòåðàòóðà:Â. V.Vereschagin: Memories of the son of the artist. Ë., 1982. Zavadskaja E. Century. V.V.Vereschagin. Ì., 1986. Lebedev A.K., Solodovnikov And. Century. V.V.Vereschagin. Ë., 1987. Dyomin of L. With a drawing easel on a terrestrial globe. The world V.V.Vereschagin eyes. Ì., 1991. M.N.Sokolov

VERESCHAGIN Gleb Jurjevich (1889-1944), the Russian aquatic biologist, ozeroved. The main{basic} transactionses on an ice mode, dynamics{changes} and structural botany of coasts, a hydrobiology of Baikal. The writer of the theory of a marine origin of the Baikal fauna and a flora.

VERESCHAGIN Leonid Fedorovich (1909-77), Russian physics, academician AN the USSR (1966), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1963). The organizer and the director of Institute of high-pressure physics AN the USSR (with 1958, nowadays him{it}. Vereschagin). The main{basic} transactionses on properties of substances at high both hyperpessure and development of methods of obtaining of hyperpessure. Under Vereschagin guiding for the first time in the USSR diamonds (1960) are synthesized. The lenin premium (1961), the State premium of the USSR (1952).

VERESCHAGIN Feodor Grigorjevich (r. 1910), the Ukrainian producer, the national actor of the USSR (1977). With 1948-86 main producer of Vinnitsa musical - drama theatre him{it}. N.K.Sadovsky.

VERESHCHAGINO, city (with 1941) in the Russian Federation, the Perm region. A railway junction. 24,9 thousand inhabitants (1992). The enterprises of a railway transport, the knitting mill; a food-processing industry. It is known with kon. 19 century. It is called named V.V.Vereschagin.

HEATHLANDS, dumetums, predominary sets of a heath family (a heather, a heath); there is a ptarmigan - berry, a cowberry, a whortleberry, mosses, lichens. Are distributed on sandy and peaty soils in conditions of a moderate wet oceanic climate (Zap. Europe, Baltic). Often are secondary educations, being formed by at-sight shown woods and drained peat bogs.

VEREJA, city in the Russian Federation, the Moscow region, on r. Protva, in 27 kms from zh.-d. An item. Dorohovo. 5,5 thousand inhabitants (1992). A clothing factory. It is known with 1371. In 15 century Verejsko-Belozersky centre of the principality. A cathedral of Christmas Christly (16 century).

VERZHBILOVICH Alexander Valerianovich (1849/50-1911), the Russian violoncellist. Acted as the soloist and in band (in particular{personally}, a trio - A.N.Yesipov, L.S.Auer and Verzhbilovich); played an orchestra of Italian opera (with 1877) and Mariinsky theatre (1882-85). The professor of the Petersburg conservatory (with 1890).

VERZHBOLOVO, the official title of. Virbalis in Lithuania up to 1917.

VERZHE, a grade of a high quality paper with water marks by the way longitudinal and cross markings.

VERIGI, heavy iron circuits, hoops, etc., worn on a naked body for the proof of devotion to the God.

VERIGO Bronislav Fortunatovich (1860-1925), the Russian physiologist, pupil I.M.Setchenov and I.P.Pavlova. Has placed{installed} influence of oxygen on ability of blood to bind a carbonic gas (effect Verigo). Transactionses on an electrophysiology.

VERIZM (from ital. vero - truthful), a realistic direction in the italian literature (Dzh. Verga, L.Kapuana, G.Deledda), opera (P.Maskanji, R.Leonkavallo, Dzh. Puccini), fine arts (sculptor V.Vela, painter Dzh. Pellitstsa) kon. 19 century, close to naturalism; acute drama conflicts of duties, pointed out emotional style are characteristic interest to a household activities of poor men, especially peasants, attention to experiences of heroes.

VERIKOVSKY Michael Ivanovich (1896-1962), the Ukrainian composer and the conductor, the honored worker of arts of Ukraine (1944). The first Ukrainian ballet - " Pan Kanevsky " (1931); cantatas, suites. The professor of the Kiev conservatory (with 1946).

VERISIMU (Verissimo) to Eric (1905-75), the Brazilian writer. Social - psychologic novels (" the Crossed ways ", 1935), historical dilogija " Time and a wind " (1949-62). In novels " Mister a salting " (1965), "Captive" (1967) unmasks expansionist policy the USA in Latin America and Asia. The grotesque novel " Incident in Antarese " (1971) from the modern life.

The LETTER OF CREDENCE (frants. lettre de creance), the document certifying destination of a face by the diplomatic representative in other country; it is handed at the introduction into the position to the chapter of a foreign state.

VERIFICATION (from an armour. verus - true and facio - I put aside money), check, empirical acknowledgement{confirmation} of theoretical rules{situations;positions} of science by their comparison to observable objects, sensual data, experiment. A principle of verification (or verifitsiruemosti) - one of the main{basic} concepts of a logic positivism.

BULLION (from a nem. Werk - an item and Blei - lead) (lead bullion), lead with an impurity{additive} of other metals (primarily Cu, Sb; in the sum of 2-3 %, less often up to 10 %) - a product swim pants of leaden ores or agglomerates. A refining of a bullion receive clear lead.