VIKKERSA the METHOD, hardness test matallov indentation in a test-piece of a diamond pyramid. Vickers hardness is underlined in terms of HV (Hardness Vickers). The title from English military-industrial concern " Âèêêåðñ ".

VIKLIF Dzh., see Uiklif Dzh.

VIKO (Vico) Dzhambattista (1668-1744), the italian philosopher, one of founders of historicism. Historical process, on Viko, has objective and providentsialnyj (see. Providentsializm) character; all nations develop on the cycles consisting of 3 epoch: heavenly (bezgosudarstvennoe a condition, subordination to sacrificers), heroic (the aristocratic state) and human (democratic republic or a representative monarchy). The main{basic} composition " the Groundings of new science about a general nature of the nations " (1725).

VISCOUNT (frants. vicomte), a nobiliary title in countries Zap. Europe.

VIKRAM (Wickram) Jorg (ok. 1505 - îê.1562), the german prose writer and the poet - mejsterzinger. The writer of burgher instructive novels of an antifeudal directivity " the Golden filament " and " Zertsalo youthes " (both 1554), the collection shvankov and stories " Road knizhechka " (1555).

VIKS (Vix), village about one . SHatijon (France) where (1953) burial of priestess (a boundary of 6-5 centuries up to n is open{discovered}. e.) in a chariot placed at a tomb under a tumulus, with affluent stock, antique vessels, etc.

VIKSELL (Wicksell) the Whip (1851-1926), the Swedish economist. Transactionses on problems of the finance, the credit, monetary circulation and a business cycle. Attempted to bridge limiting{marginal} utility the theory to the theory of the prices of mathematical school. The adherent neomaltuzianskoj concepts.

VIKSTREM Uljams Karlovich (1910-77), the Karelian writer. Wrote in the Finnish tongue. Historical novels " Forwards, people labour! " (new edition, hours 1-3, 1957-65), " Suomi on fire " (1968) about revolutionary events 1918 in Finland, stories "Tojska" (1967), " Among kind people " (1978). Stories.

VICTOR Korinfsky (mind{wit}. 251 or 258), the Christian martyr, postradavshchy in Corinth in persecution of emperor Detsija; the pupil of martyr Kodrata. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on January, 31 (on February, 13) and on March, 10.

VICTOR EMMANUEL II (Vittorio Emanuele) (1820-78), king of the Sardinian kingdom in 1849-61 and 1-st king of consolidated Italy with 1861. In season{term} Risordzhimento sustained liberals (Kavura, etc.) and struggled with respublikansko-democratic camp, but at the same time aspired{tried} to use popularity and military victories Dzh. Garibaldi in the dynastic purposes.

VICTOR EMMANUEL III (1869-1947), the last (1900-46) king of Italy.

VIKTORENKO Alexander Stepanovich (r. 1947), the Russian astronaut, a pilot - astronaut of the USSR (1987), the Hero of Soviet Union (1987). Flights on " Soyuz TM-2,-3 " and an orbital complex "World" (July 1987), " Soyuz TM-8 " and an orbital complex "World" (September 1989 - February 1990) and " Soyuz TM-14,-15 and an orbital complex "World" (March - August 1992).

"VIKTORIANTSY" ("Victorians"), a name title of figures of the English crop within reign of queen Victoria (1837-1901).

VICTORIA GROUND (Victoria Land), a part of terrain Vost. Antarctica, between 142 ° and 170 °v. d. A western part - mountain (up to 4023 ì), eastern - a glacial plateau (up to 2500 ì); power of ice over 2500 m. It is open{discovered} in 1841 English expedition Dzh. K.Rossa also is called by name the English queen.

PANEL GAMES Corinthian (mind{wit}. 251 or 258), the Christian martyr damaged in Corinth in persecution of emperor Detsija; the pupil of martyr Kodrata. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on January, 31 (on February, 13) and on March, 10.

PANEL GAMES (Victorinus) Maries (4 century), drevnerimsky the writer, the teacher of rhetoric in Rome. Has translated into on latin tongue of composition Aristotelja and Grecian neoplatonikov. Having addressed to christianity, commented on messages of apostle Paul and has written the tract " Against Arius ".

VICTORIA, the English title of city Siangan.

VICTORIA, in Roman mythology the goddess of victory. Corresponds{meets} Grecian Nike.

VICTORIA, Ouen-Fols (Victoria; Owen Falls), water reservoir in terrain of Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. The area of 76 thousand êì2 (including an eskar. Victoria 68 thousand êì2), volume 204,8 êì3, length of 320 kms. It is built by a structure dams Ouen-Fols (Uganda) on r. Victoria - Nil in 1954, that has reduced an eskar in a backwater of a level. Victoria on 3 m.