WATER POLO, sporting command ball game on water - in rectangular basin (30õ20 m, depth not less than 1,8 ì); playing, floating, aspire to throw a ball in a gate of the rival. The first competitions are conducted in the London (1869). The committee water polo is built in 1926 at International amateur federation of float. In the program of Olympic Games with 1900, world championships with 1973, Europe with 1926.

WATER SECTION, lateral section of a water-course. Distinguish a free area where speed can be measured, and dead space (with a stagnation).

WATER ECONOMY, the branch of a national economy engaging the count, planning{glide} and steering of an integrated utilization, water resources regulation, water protection from contamination{pollution} and an exhausting, their transporting to destination (consumption).

WATER SKIING, kind{view} of sport in which basis{fundamentals} removal of the sportsman on water on special skis with the help of a towing motorboat lays. As the kind{view} of sport was formed in 1930th in the USA. Into International federation of water skiing (it is based in 1947) enter over 60 countries (1992). World championships with 1949.

VODNO-MOTOR SPORT, the technical kind{view} of sport including high-speed competitions and tourism on motor courts. In the International vodno-motor union (UIM; it is based in 1922) ok. 50 countries (1992). World championships since 1920th in different classes of courts. In 1908 vodno-motor sport entered{included} in the program of Olympic Games.

WATER OBJECTS, starving, oceans, the rivers, lakes, bogs, water reservoirs, underground waters, and also waters of channels, ponds, etc., places of a permanent concentration of water on a surface of the land (napr., by the way a snow mantle).

WATERWAYS, the water spaces used for navigation and an alloy of a wood; the most economic for a shipping goods and passengers a kind{view} of lines of communication.

WATER RESOURCES, fit for use in a national economy of water of the rivers, lakes, channels, water reservoirs, seas and oceans, underground waters, a soil moisture, water (ice) of icehouses and a snow mantle; total amount (a lumpsum reserve) water resources approximately 1390 million êì3, from them ok. 1340 million êì3 - waters World ok. Less than 3 % fall into to fresh waters (35,8 million êì3), and are accessible for use of only 0,3 %. Theoretically water resources are inexhaustible, t. To. At intelligent use they are continuously renewed during a moisture circulation. However water consumption will grow such rates, that in many countries the defect of water resources intensifyed with each year is felt. Major danger is invoked{produced} with a natural water pollution called by reset{drop} in them of waste waters.

WATER BALANCE of GROUND, the ratio connecting{linking} quantity of water, acting{going} on a surface of a terrestrial globe as a rainfall, and quantity of the water exhaling from a surface of the land and World ok. For a fixed span. In the mean perennial season{term} the annual amount of precipitation is equal 1020 mm, vaporization from a surface World ok. 880 mm and from a dry matter of 140 mm. A water balance of the Earth - the quantitative expression of a moisture circulation on the Earth. He is closely related with a heat balance and alongside with nymas - one of the important parameters for performance of native zones.

The WATER CADASTRE, the systematized canopy of cramps on water resources of country. Actuates a hydrological level of scrutiny of the main{basic} hydrological performances and surface water resources. See also the Cadastre.

WATER RELATIONSHIPS, time history of levels and water volumes in the rivers, lakes and bogs. Annual cycles of a water relationships of the rivers section into characteristic phases: a flood, a low-water (summer and winter), a high water.

WATER TRANSPORT, see. A sea transport, the River transport.

WATER PROBLEMS INSTITUTE (IVP) the Russian Academy of Science, is organized in 1968 in Moscow. Probes of regularities of water exchange and the water administration of a dry matter, development of the scientific bases{fundamentals} of guarding{preservation} and use of waters.

WATER APRON, hydrotechnical construction by the way a concrete slab or a wood deck, located behind a weir or a water escape. Ministers for blanking out of energy of flow of water and protection of a river bed against dangerous scours.

WATER DUCT, hydrotechnical construction by the way the channel, a tunnel, a tray, the pipe line, etc. for water delivery to a place of its{her} consumption.

WATER-COOLED AND WATER-MODERATED REACTOR, nuclear reactor, in which moderator of neutrons - the routine water serving simultaneously and the heat - carrier. Enters into power and exploratory installations.

WATER CARRIERS Vasily Vasiljevich (1864-1933), the Russian publicist, the lawyer and the economist. Articles on a socio economic and political history. In 1926 has emigrated.

WATER CARRIERS Vasily Ivanovich (1825-86), the Russian teacher, the methodist on Russian literature and elementary education. Transactionses on theories of pedagogics, tutorials, books for national reading.

VODOVOZOVA Maria Ivanovna (1869-1954), knigoizdatelnitsa (Saint Petersburg, 1895-1900). Has emited books about working class in the West, professional motion, transactionses on political economy, histories of a national economy, to the right, etc.

WHIRLPOOL, zone in a torrent, defined by circular selfcontained motion of water.