WIENER (Wiener) Norbert (1894-1964), the American scientist. In transactionses "Cybernetics" has formulated original positions of cybernetics. Transactionses on a calculus, theories of probabilities, to electrical networks{grids} and computer facilities.

VINYL ACETATE, ÑÍ3ÑÎOÑÍ=ÑÍ2, a colourless liquid, têèï 73 °S. It is applied to obtaining poly(vinyl acetate){PVAC} and different copolymers, napr., with styrol, ethylene, the vinyl chloride, emulsion paints used in manufacture, covers{coatings} for floors, long plays, etc.

VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, ÑÍ2=ÑCl2, a colourless liquid, têèï 31,7 °S. It is applied primarily to obtaining poly(vinylidene chloride){PVDC} and copolymers of vinylidene chloride, napr., with vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile.

RUBBERS VINILPIRIDINOVYE, products of copolymerisation of diene hydrocarbons with vinylpyridines, primarily a butadien with 2-ìåòèë-5-âèíèëïèðèäèíîì. Gums from vinilpiridinovyh rubbers oil{butter}, benzo-and frost - proof, have a good adhesion to different materials. Are applied predominary by the way dip latex of a tyre cord.

VINYL CHLORIDE, ÑÍ2=ÑÍÑl, colourless gas, têèï 13,8 °S. It is applied to obtaining polyvinylchloride and copolymers of vinyl chloride, napr., with vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile.

VINYL RESIN, rigid plastic on the basis of polyvinylchloride. It is issued by the way leafs, slabs, pipes, it is pebble, etc., and also granules. It is applied as corrosion-resistant (in manufacture of containers{capacities}, pipes), finishing and reefing (in construction) a material; vessels, vials from vinyl resin - for packing the household goods.

VINITI, see. Scientific and a technical data institute.

VINIUS Andrey Andreevich (1641-1717), the Russian statesman and the organizer of mountain - metallurgical manufacture in Russia. Son A.D.Viniusa. In 60-70-Ñ of 17 century on diplomatic service, in 1695-1703 chapter Siberian, in 1701-03 Ammunition orders. Supervised over construction of mountain - metallurgical plants on Ural. Transferred{translated} military and technical compositions.

VINIUS Andrey Denisovich (? - ok. 1652), the merchant and the industrialist. By origin niderlandets. With 1627 led a large grain trade in Arkhangelsk. In 1632 on the governmental loan began construction of metallurgical plants from Tula, then in other areas.

VINITSKY Vsevolod Vladimirovich (r. 1915), the pilot - verifier. The participant of Great Domestic war, with 1950 was engaged in tests of helicopters Mi-1, Ìè-4. Has developed a complex of aerobatic manoeuvres; has executed the first long-distance flight by the helicopter on route Moscow - Petrozavodsk-Moskva.

VINKELMAN (Winckelmann) Iogann Ioahim (1717-68), the german historian of art. Parsing from educational items a history of an ancient art, the ideal in a noble, raised sculpture of ancient greek classics found. Its{her} originating explained a political freedom. The founder of an aesthetics of a classicism.

VINKELRID (Winkelried) Arnold (Erni), the Swiss national hero of 14 century. Under the legend, in battle 1386 at Zempahe tsenoju life has supplied{ensured} victory of Swisses above army of the Austrian duke.

VINKLER (Winkler) Iogann (1897-1947), the german pioneer of a rocketry. 14.3.1931 has executed{has come true} the first missile launch in Europe with a liquid jet engine.

VINKLER Klemens Alexander (1838-1904), the german chemist. Has discovered (1886) predicted D.I.Mendeleevym an element ekasilitsy which has called as germanium. Has developed (1875) industrial way of obtaining trioksida sulfur, having laid foundation manufacture of sulfuric acid by a contact method.

VINKLER Hans Gjunter (r. 1926), the german sportsman. The champion of Olympic Games (1956, 1960, 1964), the world (1954, 1955), Europe (1957) in personal and command competitions on equestrian sport (overcoming of interruptings).

VINLAND (Vinland - country of a grape), the title given by Normen of a part of a north-east shore the Sowing. America discovered Lejfom Ejriksonom ok. 1000.

WINY MONOPOLY, exclusive right of the state or separate persons (see. A payoff) on manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks.

WINE PALM, kinds{views} of palms primarily a stem a raffia which racemes contain the sacchariferous juice going on manufacturing of wine. From pullet{young man} leaves of a wine palm receive the fiber{filament} used in a gardening for podvjazyvanija of plants.

FIG, dried{dehydrated} fruits (compound fruits are exacter) fig.

VINNIKS, city on Ukraine, the Lvov region, bliz Lvov. 12,5 thousand inhabitants (1991). A tobacco factory and other enterprises. It is based in 13 century.