OUTPUT CRAMPS, set{combination} of cramps on the issuing (data about volume and circulation of the book, date of delivery in a panel and signings for printing, cramps on a format, etc.); are typed on the last page or on the back of a banner page.

NATIVES Peter Sozontovich (r. 1923), the Russian literary critic, the Doctor of Philology (1962), the professor (1968). The main{basic} orb of interests - a history of the Russian literature of 20 century, folklore. Books: "Alexander Tvardovsky" (1958), " Russian Soviet poetry and national creativity " (1963), "Paul Vasiljev" (1972), " In searches of the new word: Destinies of Russian Soviet poetry of the twentieth - thirtieth years of XX century " (1980), " the Earth and fruits: Sketches about Russian Soviet poetry 40-70-Õ " (1989).

MUSKRAT, mammalian an insectivora. Length of a body up to 22 sm, a tail up to 20 see. Meets only in a bass. Volga, Don and Ural. It is acclimatized in a bass. Ob. Conducts a semiaquatic mode of life. Fur very valuable. Number is reduced, primarily because of violation{disturbance} of a habitat. Production everywhere is forbidden. It is guarded in 5 reservations and ok. 40 protection regimes.

VYCHEGDA, the river in a north of the European part of the Russian Federation, dextral in-leak{influx} the Sowing. Dvina. 1130 kms, the area a bass. 121 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water 1160 m3 / with. Driveable. It is navigable up to landing stage Voldino (938 kms). On Vychegda - cities Syktyvkars, Solvychegodsk, Kotlas (in a mouth).

DEDUCTION in theory figures. The figure a calls as a deduction of figure b modulo m if the difference a-b is divided on m (a, b, m> 0 - integers). Otherwise a calls as a non-residue. Napr., figure 24 is a deduction of figure 3 (and figure 25 - a non-residue) modulo 7, t. To. 24-3=21 it is divided on 7 (and 25-3=22 it is not divided on 7). See also the Power residue.

CALCULUS MATHEMATICS, the section of mathematics including a circle of problems, manufacturing-oriented calculations and use of a computer. In more fine-bored comprehension calculus mathematics - the theory of numerical methods of the solution of standard mathematical problems.

The COMPUTER, complex or the separate device intended for mechanization and automation of process of information processing and calculations, executed{designed} according to the given algorithm. Distinguish following phylums of computers: mechanic, electrical, electronic (computers), hydraulic, air-operated{air-powered;pneumatic}, optical and combined.

COMPUTER FACILITIES... 1) set{combination} of a technical and mathematical means (computers, devices, devices, programs and so forth), used for mechanization and automation of processes of calculations and information processing. It is applied at the solution of scientific and engineering problems, the bound with great volume of calculations, in systems automatic and automated management, at the count, planning{glide}, forecasting and economic evaluation, to acceptance of scientifically reasonable solutions, data interpretation, in information retrieval systems and t. d.... 2) the Branch of technique engaging development, manufacturing and operation of computers, devices and devices.

The COMPUTER SYSTEM, interdependent equipment of computer facilities into which enters not less than 2 processors, consolidated a guidance system and having the total memory, unified software and general peripheral units.

COMPUTER CENTER (VTS), the organization intended for the tax, storage and information processing of a different kind{view} with the help of a computer, and also development and probe of software of a computer, methods of the solution of different classes of problems, organizations of computational activities, etc. Version VTS - computing station for machining the registration, statistical, accounting information.

The COMPUTER CENTER of the Russian Academy of Science, is built in 1955 in Moscow. Development of computational methods, probes on software of a computer.

The COMPUTER CENTER of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Science, is built in 1963 in Novosibirsk. Probes on applied{economic} and calculus mathematics.

SUBTRACTION, arithmetic operation, revertive to build, i.e. presence of one of summands (difference) on the given sum of two summands (reduced) and given other summand (deducted). It is meant it is familiar - (minus).

VYCHULKOVSKY Leon (1852-1936), the Polish painter and the schedule{chart}. In realistic portraits and genre compositions ("Ploughing", 1903) used impressionisticheskuju technique of the letter; executed{designed} landscape water colours and lithographs.

VYSHGOROD, city (with 1968) on Ukraine, the Kiev region, on r. Dnepr, in 18 kms from Kiev. 21,6 thousand inhabitants (1991). The Kiev river plant, pumped storage plant. An archeologic monument of 11-12 centuries. It is known with 946.

VYSHELESSKY Sergey Nikolaevich (1874-1958), the Byelorussian scientist - epizootologist, academician AN of Belarus (1928). Probeed many theoretical and practical problems of extirpation with communicable diseases animal, including with a plague, a Siberian plague, etc. The State premium of the USSR (1941).

VYSHINSKY Andrey Januarjevich (1883-1954), the deputy of the public prosecutor and the public prosecutor of the USSR in 1933-39, academician AN the USSR (1939). In 1939-44 vice-president of Advice{Council} of National Commissioners of the USSR. In 1940-53 on managing posts{stations} in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR (in 1949-53 minister). The member of a Central Committee of the CPSU with 1939. Telescoped in activities Vyshinskogo of a rule{situation;position} have been directed on the substantiation of gross violations of legitimacy, mass reprisals, in particular{personally} by collimating value of the master proof to confession accused. Was the public prosecutor on the forged political processes of 30th.

VYSHNEVOLOTSKAJA WATER SYSTEM, a waterway from Volga up to Baltic m. Into structure Vyshnevolotskoj of water system enter: in-leak{influx} of Volga - r. Tvertsa, Vyshnevolotsky the water-partite channel, r. TSna, an eskar. Mstino, r. Msta, Siversov and Vishersky channels, r. Volkhov, by-pass the Ladoga channel and r. Neva. It is built in nach. 18 century.