WATER RESERVOIR VYSHNEVOLOTSKOE, in valleys of rivers SHlina and TSna, in the Tver region. It is filled in in 1719; supporting constructions are renovated in 1951. The area 109 êì2, volume 0,32 êì3, length of 12 kms, an extreme breadth of 9 kms. Executes seasonal flow regulation; fluctuations of level up to 3 m. It is used with the purposes of water supply, energetics and navigation.

VYSHNEGRADSKY Ivan Alekseevich (1831/32-95), the Russian scientist, the honorary member Petersburg AN (1888). One of founders of the theory of automatic regulation, the founder of scientific school on designing machines. In 1888-92 Minister of Finance.

VYSHNEGRADSKY Nikolay Alekseevich (1821-72), the Russian teacher. The adherent of mean women classless education. Has based the log-book " the Russian pedagogical bulletin " (1857-61). Has constituted the first Russian program on pedagogics.

VYSHNY VOLOCHEK, city (with 1770) in the Russian Federation, the Tver region, landing stage on Vyshnevolotskoj to water system (acts with 1709). A depot. 64,3 thousand inhabitants (1992). Wood-working, a building materials, mild, alimentary, etc. an industry. Theatre. A study of local lore museum.

LEACHING, extraction of separate components of a solid material with the help of the solvent (napr., a metallurgical extraction of metals from ores, an alkali extraction of the lignin from wood, a bacterial leaching of uranium from ores). The leaching calls also as abstraction.

LEACHING of ROCKS, process of selective dissolution and offset underground waters of separate components of rocks, first of all of good solubility chlorides Na, K, etc., and then sulphates and carbonates Ca (napr., the phenomena of karst).

" VE KOLOMBE " (Vieux-Colombier) (" the Theatre of an aged pigeon coop "), is based in Paris in 1913 Z.Kopo. In repertoir classical dramatic art, plays of modern writers.

VELE-GRIFFEN (Viele-Griffin) Fransis (1864-1937), the French poet. For the collection " Glowing of life " (1897), "Departure" (1899) are characteristic a cult of beauty, ljubovanie a nature, estetizm. The master of a loose verse.

TWISTS Ô., see Vieta F.

VETAN (Vieuxtemps) Anri (1820-81), the Belgian violinist, the composer and the teacher. One of osnovatelej Belgian national skripichnoj schools. Gave concerts and taught in Russia (1838-40, 1845-52). 7 concerts for a violin with an orchestra, compositions on Russian themes. The professor of the Bruxelles conservatory.

VETMIN (the full title Vietnam of docks - pads dong-min - League of extirpation for independence of Vietnam), in 1941-51 unified national front of Vietnam. It is built under initiative KP of Indochina. In 1951 has drained with Ljen-Vjetom.

VIETNAM, Socialist Republic Vietnam (Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam), SRV, the state in JUgo-Vost. Asia, on p-ove Indochina. 332 thousand êì2. The population 70,9 million person (1993); primarily vjetnamtsy (88 %), all over 60 nationalities{national characters} and ethnic groups. A urban population - 20,1 % (1989). The official language - Vietnamese. Believers - 55 % Buddhists, 7 % - roman catholics. Administrative territorial division: 50 provinces, 3 cities of central subordination. Capital - Hanoi. The chief of state - the president (with 1992). The maximum body of legislation and a public authority - unicameral National assembly---the Large part of terrain take mountains an altitude up to 3143 m; on a shore - lowlands (primarily in deltas of the rivers of Songka in a north and Mekong in the south). A climate tropical monsoon. A rainfall of 1500-3000 mm annually. Mean temperatures in the south vary a little (from 26 °S in December up to 29 °S in April), in a north - from 15 °S in January up to 28 °S in July, in mountains is more cool. Typhoons, floods in the autumn are frequent. 40 % of terrain are coated{obtected} with tropical forests. National park Batma-Hajvan, numerous wildlife reserves, zakazniki.---the Most ancient Vietnamese states were Vanlang and replaced it{him} Aulak and Namvjet. In 2 century up to n. e. Aulak and Namvjet have been conquered by China. In 10 century n. e. As a result of liberation extirpation the independent Vietnamese state is professed. Since 11 century the Vietnamese state Dajvjet - one of the largest states of Southeast Asia. To 1858-84 Vietnam it is seized by France. In 1930 the Communist party of Vietnam (KPV) (later KP Indochina, with 1951 - the Consignment of workers of Vietnam - PTV is based; with 1976 - KPV). To 1941-45 Vietnam it is occupied by a Japanese troops. August revolution 1945 was finished by professing on September, 2 1945 DRV; The president and prime minister DRV has been selected Ho SHi the Min. In 1945-46 French troops have organized act of war in the south, and then have led annexationist war to scale all country. A number{series} of serious defeats of the French troops (especially in r-not Djenbjenfu in 1954) and requests of peace loving forces have forced government of France to go on the conclusion of Geneva agreements 1954.---To 1964-65 USA have organized air war against DRV, in 1965 have entered in JUzh. Vietnam a troops, have undertaken direct management of war against patriotic forces. In 1969 the Temporary revolutionary government of Republic Austral Vjetnam.---In January 1973 signed the Parisian agreement on the arrest of war and restoration of the world in Vietnam has been built. In July 1976 state recombination of Vietnam has been completed, Socialist Republic Vietnam (SRV) is professed. 4-th cross-over KPV in December 1976 has scheduled a course on construction of socialism to scale all country. In 1980 constitution SRV is adopted. On 6-th (December 1986) and (June 1991) cross-overs KPV is determined by 7-th a course on gradual privatization of economy, building of market economy and engaging of foreign investments. In 1992 it is adopted new konstitutsija.---Vietnam - agrarian country with a developing industry. A lobe of a runway (1993, %): village and a forestry 36,6, an industry 20,9. A crude production, coal, apatites, chromites, iron oxide, tin, a tungsten. Manufacture of the electric power 10,8 billion kVt·ch (1993). Black and nonferrous machine industry, metal working and a machine industry (manufacture of diesels, agricultural machinery, precise mechanisms, assembly, etc.), A chemical industry; manufacture of a building materials. The wood-working and pulp and paper enterprises; machining of rubber. Mild and a flavoring industry. Art handcrafts. In an agriculture agriculture prevails{dominates}. It is treated{processed} ok. 21 % of terrain of Vietnam. Cultivate rice (the main{basic} food crop), a sweet potato, corn, from technical crops - a cotton, a jute, a cane, tea, etc.; plantations of rubber plants. A fruit growing, a vegetable raising. A large horned stock (it is used primarily as draft force), a swine breeding. Fishery. A harvesting of wood (fine woods). Length (one thousand in km, 1992) railways 2,5, motorways 105, internal waterways 6. Main seaports: Ho Chi Minh, Haiphong, Da Nang, Honggaj, Cam Pha. Export: petroleum, coal, rice, rubber, rybo-and marine products, etc. The Main{Basic} foreign trade partners: Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, JUzh. Korea, France, Australia, Germany. Monetary unit - dong.

The VIETNAMESE TONGUE, the official language of Vietnam, falls into avstroaziatskoj to family of tongues (vjetmyongskaja group). Writing on the basis of the latin alphabet.

VIETNAMESE NEWS AGENCY (VIA), Hanoi. It is based in 1945. In 1976 earlier existing in a north and the south of country VIA and News agency Discharging (it is based in 1961) are joint in a unified information organ - VIA.

VETNAMTSY (the self-title throw, twists), people, the main{basic} population of Vietnam (61 million person). The USA live also in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, etc. The Aggregate number 62,15 million person (1992). Tongue Vietnamese. Buddhists believing main{basic}, daosisty, konfutsiantsy - a cult of ancestors, a part roman catholics and adherents of syncretic religions.

BLIZZARD, the same, that a blizzard.

MORNING-GLORY FAMILY, set of dycotyledonous plants. Grasses, dwarf semishrubs, bushes, rarely small trees; many - curling plants. St. 1500 kinds{views} (50 stems), primarily in tropics and subtropics; including ok. 40 kinds{views} from 4 stems (a cress, the morning glory, a bindweed and a glorybind), will grow in Compare. Asia, on Central Russian plain, Caucasus, the south of Siberia and the Far East. The greatest economic value have a sweet potato (it is used in peep) and a jalap (medicinal).

BINDWEED, stem of grasses and bushes of a set of a morning-glory family. Ok. 250 kinds{views}, primarily in moderate ranges. A bindweed field (berezka) - a malicious weed of crops. As bindweeds call also kinds{views} of a glorybind with curling stalks and grechishku vjunkovuju - a weed of a set of a buckwheat family.

VJUNY, a stem of fishes of order karpoobraznyh. Length up to 30 see. Some kinds, in internal water reservoirs of Europe, JUzh. And Vost. Asia. Object of laboratory probes.